{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T02:43:44Z","timestamp":1767235424614,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jthjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T02:31:33Z","timestamp":1728527493000},"page":"11-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hematological causes of acute ischemic stroke in younger individuals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gavin","family":"O\u2019Toole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1374-7333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Connors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jecko","family":"Thachil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"20","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30073-4","article-title":"Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"15","author":"Feigin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib3","article-title":"Trends in acute ischemic stroke hospitalizations in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Ramirez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318270401d","article-title":"Age at stroke: temporal trends in stroke incidence in a large, biracial population","volume":"79","author":"Kissela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.028910","article-title":"Temporal trends in stroke incidence over time by sex and age in the GCNKSS","volume":"51","author":"Madsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306203","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of ischaemic stroke in young adults between 1985 and 2011: the Dijon Stroke Registry","volume":"85","author":"B\u00e9jot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.037117","article-title":"Systematic review of sex differences in ischemic strokes among young adults: are young women disproportionately at risk?","volume":"53","author":"Leppert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002689","article-title":"Cardiovascular events after ischemic stroke in young adults: a prospective follow-up study","volume":"86","author":"Aarnio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30233-3","article-title":"Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults","volume":"17","author":"Ekker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0020","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and strokes in younger adults","volume":"74","author":"George","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.016599","article-title":"Contribution of established stroke risk factors to the burden of stroke in young adults","volume":"48","author":"Aigner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70251-9","article-title":"Aetiological diagnosis of ischaemic stroke in young adults","volume":"9","author":"Ferro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-01038-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of antiphospholipid syndrome in the general population","volume":"23","author":"Dabit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x","article-title":"International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)","volume":"4","author":"Miyakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930221150349","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome, antiphospholipid antibodies, and stroke","volume":"18","author":"Mittal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1309::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop","volume":"42","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42624","article-title":"2023 ACR\/EULAR Antiphospholipid Syndrome Classification Criteria","volume":"75","author":"Barbhaiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204838","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in the antiphospholipid syndrome during a 10-year period: a multicentre prospective study of 1000 patients","volume":"74","author":"Cervera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205663","article-title":"The estimated frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in young adults with cerebrovascular events: a systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Sciascia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01295.x","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of antibodies to beta2-glycoprotein I and prothrombin, and risk of thrombosis","volume":"3","author":"Forastiero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03446.x","article-title":"Lupus anticoagulants and anti-phospholipid antibodies as risk factors for a first episode of ischemic stroke","volume":"7","author":"Saidi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70239-X","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in young women in the RATIO study: a case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Urbanus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.11.004","article-title":"Risk of venous and arterial thrombosis according to type of antiphospholipid antibodies in adults without systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Reynaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8915","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35955-2","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of central nervous system manifestations in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.04.009","article-title":"The adjusted global antiphospholipid syndrome score (aGAPSS) and the risk of recurrent thrombosis: results from the APS ACTION cohort","volume":"49","author":"Radin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.5.576","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies and subsequent thrombo-occlusive events in patients with ischemic stroke","volume":"291","author":"Levine","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017008185","article-title":"Recurrent thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and arterial thrombosis on antithrombotic therapy","volume":"1","author":"Jackson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib28","first-page":"15","article-title":"Comparison between single antiplatelet therapy and combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy for secondary prevention in ischemic stroke patients with antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Okuma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-4-303","article-title":"Antiphospholipid thrombosis: clinical course after the first thrombotic event in 70 patients","volume":"117","author":"Rosove","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035241","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of two intensities of warfarin for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome","volume":"349","author":"Crowther","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01340.x","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized clinical trial of high-intensity warfarin vs. conventional antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (WAPS)","volume":"3","author":"Finazzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)30079-5","article-title":"Rivaroxaban versus warfarin to treat patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome, with or without systemic lupus erythematosus (RAPS): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 2\/3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"3","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-04-848333","article-title":"Rivaroxaban vs warfarin in high-risk patients with antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Pengo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0291","article-title":"Rivaroxaban versus vitamin K antagonist in antiphospholipid syndrome: a randomized noninferiority trial","volume":"171","author":"Ordi-Ros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005808","article-title":"Apixaban compared with warfarin to prevent thrombosis in thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome: a randomized trial","volume":"6","author":"Woller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14935","article-title":"Use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome: guidance from the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis","volume":"18","author":"Zuily","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215213","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults","volume":"78","author":"Tektonidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16308","article-title":"Addendum to British Society for Haematology Guidelines on Investigation and Management of Antiphospholipid syndrome, 2012 (Br. J. Haematol. 2012; 157: 47-58): use of direct acting oral anticoagulants","volume":"189","author":"Arachchillage","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19635","article-title":"Guidelines on the investigation and management of antiphospholipid syndrome","author":"Arachchillage","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0054-y","article-title":"The 2016 WHO classification and diagnostic criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms: document summary and in-depth discussion","volume":"8","author":"Barbui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5387-9","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of thrombosis and bleeding at diagnosis of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"19","author":"Rungjirajittranon","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035572","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin in polycythemia vera","volume":"350","author":"Landolfi","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5857","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-339002","article-title":"Risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis in WHO-defined essential thrombocythemia: an international study of 891 patients","volume":"117","author":"Carobbio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2016.09.010","article-title":"Cerebrovascular events as presenting manifestations of myeloproliferative neoplasm","volume":"172","author":"Ong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E240","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26180","article-title":"Characteristics of arterial stroke in myeloproliferative neoplasms: a French monocentric study","volume":"96","author":"Pla\u00e7ais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2009.06.006","article-title":"JAK2V617F allele burden and thrombosis: a direct comparison in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera","volume":"37","author":"Carobbio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25713","article-title":"Platelets from Calreticulin mutated essential thrombocythemia patients are less reactive than JAK2 V617F mutated platelets","volume":"95","author":"Hauschner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2022.01.011","article-title":"JAK2 allele burden is correlated with a risk of venous but not arterial thrombosis","volume":"211","author":"Soudet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tru.2021.100081","article-title":"Thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: a clinical and pathophysiological perspective","volume":"5","author":"Kelliher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1743470","article-title":"JAK2V617F is a risk factor for TIA\/stroke in young patients","volume":"122","author":"Shapira Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/16078454.2023.2229131","article-title":"MPL gene mutation is a possible risk factor for thrombosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia in Japan","volume":"28","author":"Furuya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208500","article-title":"Cardiovascular events and intensity of treatment in polycythemia vera","volume":"36","author":"Marchioli","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504273321704","article-title":"Hydroxyurea for patients with essential thrombocythemia and a high risk of thrombosis","volume":"332","author":"Cortelazzo","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043800","article-title":"Hydroxyurea compared with anagrelide in high-risk essential thrombocythemia","volume":"353","author":"Harrison","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-017-2994-x","article-title":"Ruxolitinib reduces JAK2 p.V617F allele burden in patients with polycythemia vera enrolled in the RESPONSE study","volume":"96","author":"Vannucchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01528-x","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of polycythemia vera patients treated with ropeginterferon Alfa-2b","volume":"36","author":"Kiladjian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-07-591610","article-title":"In contemporary patients with polycythemia vera, rates of thrombosis and risk factors delineate a new clinical epidemiology","volume":"124","author":"Barbui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004596","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized double-blind trial of 3 aspirin regimens to optimize antiplatelet therapy in essential thrombocythemia","volume":"136","author":"Rocca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08122.x","article-title":"British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guideline for investigation and management of adults and children presenting with a thrombocytosis","volume":"149","author":"Harrison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5128","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-444067","article-title":"Development and validation of an International Prognostic Score of thrombosis in World Health Organization\u2013essential thrombocythemia (IPSET-thrombosis)","volume":"120","author":"Barbui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e369","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.94","article-title":"Practice-relevant revision of IPSET-thrombosis based on 1019 patients with WHO-defined essential thrombocythemia","volume":"5","author":"Barbui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13787","article-title":"Risk of arterial thrombotic and venous thromboembolic events in patients with primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a Scandinavian population-based cohort study","volume":"174","author":"N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24234","article-title":"Is ITP a thrombophilic disorder?","volume":"91","author":"Rodeghiero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12636","article-title":"Thrombotic risk in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia is only mildly increased and explained by personal and treatment-related risk factors","volume":"12","author":"Ruggeri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.018390","article-title":"Thromboembolic events among adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia in the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database","volume":"95","author":"Sarpatwari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08418.x","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a Danish population-based cohort study","volume":"152","author":"Severinsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09231.x","article-title":"Risk of arterial thrombosis in patients with primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a Danish population-based cohort study","volume":"159","author":"N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-010-0636-3","article-title":"Comorbidities in patients with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"92","author":"Enger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930221125556","article-title":"Immune thrombocytopenia and risk of stroke: evidence from a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106693","article-title":"Risk factors and characteristics of ischemic stroke in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Rong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1843-0","article-title":"Ischemic stroke associated with immune thrombocytopenia: lesion patterns and characteristics","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-019-03886-6","article-title":"Evaluation of thrombotic events in patients with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"99","author":"Ito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14269","article-title":"Characteristics, risk factors and management of venous thromboembolism in immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective multicentre study","volume":"49","author":"Le Guenno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17390","article-title":"Thrombosis in immune thrombocytopenia - current status and future perspectives","volume":"194","author":"Swan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.212845","article-title":"Thrombopoietin receptor agonists: ten years later","volume":"104","author":"Waleed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/14782715221134720","article-title":"Challenges in managing patients on anticoagulation: Thrombocytopenia, resumption after bleeding and recurrent thrombosis","volume":"52","author":"Swan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-694562","article-title":"Silent cerebral infarcts and cerebral aneurysms are prevalent in adults with sickle cell anemia","volume":"127","author":"Kassim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001142","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in children and adults","volume":"4","author":"DeBaun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib79","first-page":"288","article-title":"Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: rates and risk factors","volume":"91","author":"Ohene-Frempong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(97)00099-8","article-title":"Stroke prevention trial in sickle cell anemia","volume":"19","author":"Adams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(78)90772-6","article-title":"The natural history of stroke in sickle cell disease","volume":"65","author":"Powars","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01041-7","article-title":"Hydroxycarbamide versus chronic transfusion for maintenance of transcranial doppler flow velocities in children with sickle cell anaemia-TCD with transfusions changing to hydroxyurea (TWiTCH): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"387","author":"Ware","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-11-057893","article-title":"Hydroxyurea therapy lowers transcranial Doppler flow velocities in children with sickle cell anemia","volume":"110","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00405-7","article-title":"Hydroxyurea with dose escalation for primary stroke risk reduction in children with sickle cell anaemia in Tanzania (SPHERE): an open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"10","author":"Ambrose","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14383","article-title":"Guidelines on red cell transfusion in sickle cell disease Part II: indications for transfusion","volume":"176","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70204-0","article-title":"Risk of recurrent stroke in patients with sickle cell disease treated with erythrocyte transfusions","volume":"126","author":"Pegelow","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.122498","article-title":"Risk of recurrent stroke in children with sickle cell disease receiving blood transfusion therapy\u00a0for at least five years after initial stroke","volume":"140","author":"Scothorn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-392340","article-title":"Stroke with transfusions changing to hydroxyurea\u00a0(SWiTCH)","volume":"119","author":"Ware","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib89","first-page":"A35","article-title":"Abstract 35: changes in sickle cell vasculopathy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"54","author":"Lightfoot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-09-618553","article-title":"Beyond hydroxyurea: new and old drugs in the pipeline for sickle cell disease","volume":"127","author":"Telen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021014095","article-title":"Ticagrelor vs placebo for the reduction of vaso-occlusive crises in pediatric sickle cell disease: the HESTIA3 study","volume":"140","author":"Heeney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-6-17","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, randomized, multicenter phase 2 study of prasugrel versus placebo in adult patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"6","author":"Wun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hematol Oncol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538783624005737?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538783624005737?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T02:39:26Z","timestamp":1767235166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1538783624005737"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1538783624005737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-7836"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1538-7836"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hematological causes of acute ischemic stroke in younger individuals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.09.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}