{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:36:51Z","timestamp":1793162211066,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jthjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:31:12Z","timestamp":1790263872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravenous immunoglobulin use in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and efficacy of early intravenous immunoglobulin compared with standard-of-care treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Jivtesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Gorecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhsimrat","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Maples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Chibisov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Verdoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deep","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Lakshman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.048074","article-title":"Rapid exclusion or confirmation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a single-center experience with 1,291 patients","volume":"97","author":"Nellen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2019.1636645","article-title":"High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a review","volume":"12","author":"Warkentin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028020943542","article-title":"Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) for treatment of autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Dougherty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2018.06.007","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin as an adjunct therapy in persisting heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"57","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14411","article-title":"High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin to treat spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Mohanty","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.03.050","article-title":"IVIg for treatment of severe refractory heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"152","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000918","article-title":"Effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin use in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"31","author":"Aryal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2021.02.017","article-title":"A population-based analysis on the use of therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"201","author":"Soares Ferreira J\u00fanior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.100283","article-title":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: an illustrated review","volume":"7","author":"May","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13758","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of a Bayesian algorithm for the diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"15","author":"Raschke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01787.x","article-title":"Evaluation of pretest clinical score (4 T\u2019s) for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in two clinical settings","volume":"4","author":"Lo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018024489","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"2","author":"Cuker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2024000566","article-title":"Practical guide to the diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"2024","author":"May","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm324","article-title":"Immortal time bias in pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"167","author":"Suissa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1983.1.11.710","article-title":"Analysis of survival by tumor response","volume":"1","author":"Anderson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13140","article-title":"Definition of clinically relevant non-major bleeding in studies of anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolic disease in non-surgical patients: communication from the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"13","author":"Kaatz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01204.x","volume":"3","author":"Schulman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations","volume":"53","author":"Kaplan","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life-tables","volume":"34","author":"Cox","year":"1972","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1411910","article-title":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"373","author":"Greinacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.02.073","article-title":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a comprehensive clinical review","volume":"67","author":"Salter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107051","article-title":"Adjunct immune globulin for vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia","volume":"385","author":"Bourguignon","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-12-0825","article-title":"Clinical features of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia including risk factors for thrombosis: a retrospective analysis of 408 patients","volume":"94","author":"Greinacher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-024-03811-2","article-title":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with very high antibody titer is associated with slower platelet recovery and higher risk of thrombosis","volume":"120","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e635","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008742","article-title":"Thromboembolic risk with IVIg: incidence and risk factors in patients with inflammatory neuropathy","volume":"94","author":"Kapoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-05-647552","article-title":"Intravenous immune globulin and thromboembolic adverse events in patients with hematologic malignancy","volume":"127","author":"Ammann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2025.02.011","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin prevents thrombosis in an endothelialized disease model of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"23","author":"Witzemann","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2023000503","article-title":"Thrombotic anti-PF4 immune disorders: HIT, VITT, and beyond","volume":"2023","author":"Greinacher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra993360","article-title":"Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with intravenous immune globulin","volume":"345","author":"Kazatchkine","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15263","article-title":"Autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and venous limb gangrene after aortic dissection repair: in vitro and in vivo effects of intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"59","author":"Arcinas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfusion"}],"container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538783626006197?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538783626006197?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:15:25Z","timestamp":1793160925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1538783626006197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1538783626006197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-7836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-7836","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intravenous immunoglobulin use in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and efficacy of early intravenous immunoglobulin compared with standard-of-care treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtha.2026.09.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}