{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:40:55Z","timestamp":1793922055632,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009947","name":"Merck Sharp and Dohme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007013","name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007052","name":"Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009734","name":"Olympus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jto.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Thoracic Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T11:34:03Z","timestamp":1645788843000},"page":"637-650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Thymic Carcinomas\u2014A Concise Multidisciplinary Update on Recent Developments From the Thymic Carcinoma Working Group of the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anja C.","family":"Roden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cardillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepali","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith M.","family":"Marom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre L.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie F.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Charles B.","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad D.","family":"Strange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Szolkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mylene T.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Rimner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyz203","article-title":"National incidence and initial therapy for thymic carcinoma in Japan: based on analysis of hospital-based cancer registry data, 2009\u20132015","volume":"50","author":"Koizumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.12.108","article-title":"Distribution of mediastinal lesions across multi-institutional, international, radiology databases","volume":"15","author":"Roden","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.11.2219","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma management patterns among International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) physicians with consensus from the thymic carcinoma working group","volume":"12","author":"Shepherd","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.003","article-title":"The integrated genomic landscape of thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"33","author":"Radovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.11.118","article-title":"Paraneoplastic syndromes and thymic malignancies: an examination of the international thymic malignancy interest group retrospective database","volume":"13","author":"Padda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.06.053","article-title":"Positron emission tomography in thymic tumors: analysis using a prospective research database","volume":"104","author":"Korst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160095","article-title":"ITMIG classification of mediastinal compartments and multidisciplinary approach to mediastinal masses","volume":"37","author":"Carter","year":"2017","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx042","article-title":"Comparison of surgical approach and extent of resection for Masaoka-Koga Stage I and II thymic tumours in Europe, North America and Asia: an International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group retrospective database analysis","volume":"52","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib9","series-title":"Thymic Carcinoma. WHO Classification of Tumours Thoracic Tumours5","author":"Chan","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib10","series-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","article-title":"American Joint Committee on Cancer, American Cancer Society","author":"Amin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02936.x","article-title":"A\u00a0review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reappraisal of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma","volume":"44","author":"Koga","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs529","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of thymic carcinomas and the impact of histopathological agreement on prognostical studies","volume":"43","author":"Roden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13936","article-title":"A\u00a0mutation analysis of the EGFR pathway genes, RAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, AKT1 and BRAF, and TP53 gene in thymic carcinoma and thymoma type A\/B3","volume":"75","author":"Sakane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezv239","article-title":"Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of surgically treated thymic carcinoma: results of 306 cases from a Japanese Nationwide Database Study","volume":"49","author":"Hishida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01796.x","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistological study of 19 cases","volume":"44","author":"Chalabreysse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib16","article-title":"The incidence and prognosis of thymic squamous cell carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program population-based study","volume":"100","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/1556984520949287","article-title":"Thymic neuroendocrine tumors and thymic carcinoma: demographics, treatment, and survival","volume":"15","author":"Bakhos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innovations (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000363","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes for patients with thymic carcinoma: evaluation of Masaoka staging","volume":"9","author":"Litvak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03607-4","article-title":"Primary thymic carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.11.057","article-title":"Masaoka stage and histologic grade predict prognosis in patients with thymic carcinoma","volume":"89","author":"Hosaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.01.014","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma: outcomes after surgical resection","volume":"93","author":"Okereke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.01.007","article-title":"I.\u00a0Ackman JB, Chung JH: ACR appropriateness criteria(R) imaging of mediastinal masses","volume":"18","author":"Ackman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib23","first-page":"3208","article-title":"Comparison between CT and MRI in the diagnostic accuracy of thymic masses","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3182835549","article-title":"FDG PET-CT aids in the preoperative assessment of patients with newly diagnosed thymic epithelial malignancies","volume":"8","author":"Benveniste","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib25","author":"Sonnett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib26","first-page":"1628","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT of thymic epithelial tumors: usefulness for distinguishing and staging tumor subgroups","volume":"47","author":"Sung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.06.010","article-title":"Thymic malignancy-updates in staging and management","volume":"29","author":"Rappaport","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S119","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000296","volume":"9","author":"Benveniste","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib29","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Standard outcome measures for thymic malignancies","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol Off Publ Int Assoc Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000444","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging for the follow-up of treated thymic epithelial malignancies","volume":"34","author":"Kerpel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-3938-2","article-title":"The role of (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography for predicting pathologic response after induction therapy for thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"41","author":"Fukumoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2929","article-title":"18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the management of patients with thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"19","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.10.010","article-title":"The 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Thymus and mediastinum: what\u2019s new in thymic epithelial, germ cell and mesenchymal tumors?","volume":"17","author":"Marx","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.11.013","article-title":"The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer thymic tumors staging project: the impact of the eighth edition of the Union for International Cancer Control and American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM stage classification of thymic tumors","volume":"15","author":"Ruffini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Mutation profile of thymic carcinoma and thymic neuroendocrine tumor by targeted next-generation sequencing","volume":"22","author":"Sakane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69260-z","article-title":"Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma as a novel diagnostic marker differentiating thymic squamous cell carcinoma from thymoma","volume":"10","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2021.12744","article-title":"GAD1 expression and its methylation as indicators of malignant behavior in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"21","author":"Soejima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib39","article-title":"Pan-cancer landscape analysis reveals recurrent KMT2A-MAML2 gene fusion in aggressive histologic subtypes of thymoma","volume":"4","author":"Massoth","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13765","article-title":"Mutation profile and immunoscore signature in thymic carcinomas: an exploratory study and review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Asselta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.04.013","article-title":"PI3K as a potential therapeutic target in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"11","author":"Alberobello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.05.029","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma with Lynch syndrome or microsatellite instability, a rare entity responsive to immunotherapy","volume":"153","author":"Repetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30062-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in patients with thymic carcinoma: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 study","volume":"19","author":"Giaccone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.3184","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for patients with refractory or relapsed thymic epithelial tumor: an open-label Phase II trial","volume":"37","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.02.008","article-title":"A\u00a0tuft cell-like signature is highly prevalent in thymic squamous cell carcinoma and delineates new molecular subsets among the major lung cancer histotypes","volume":"16","author":"Yamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.314815.118","article-title":"POU2F3 is a master regulator of a tuft cell-like variant of small cell lung cancer","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-015-0862-z","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma patients with myasthenia gravis exhibit better prognoses","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4825-4","article-title":"Long-term survival after surgical treatment of thymic carcinoma: a retrospective analysis from the Chinese alliance for research of thymoma database","volume":"23","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib49","series-title":"Does myasthenia gravis affect long-term survival in thymic carcinoma patients? A retrospective analysis from the ESTS database. Abstract 107","author":"Lococo","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.09.124","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma outcomes and prognosis: results of an international analysis","volume":"149","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29166","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy is effective for thymic carcinoma but not for thymoma in stage II and III thymic epithelial tumors: the Japanese Association for Research on the Thymus Database Study","volume":"121","author":"Omasa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.12.111","article-title":"Surgery in Masaoka stage IV thymic carcinoma: a propensity-matched study based on the SEER database","volume":"12","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.04.049","article-title":"Lymph node metastasis in thymic malignancies: A Chinese multicenter prospective observational study","volume":"156","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6803","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S171683","article-title":"Optimal management of thymic malignancies: current perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Drevet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160096","article-title":"IASLC\/ITMIG staging system and lymph node map for thymic epithelial neoplasms","volume":"37","author":"Carter","year":"2017","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.01.025","article-title":"Optimal surgical approach to thymic malignancies: new trends challenging old dogmas","volume":"118","author":"Ruffini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.08.131","article-title":"Determinants of complete resection of thymoma by minimally invasive and open thymectomy: analysis of an international registry","volume":"12","author":"Burt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.09.85","article-title":"Comparison between thoracoscopic and open approaches in thymoma resection","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21037\/shc.2018.01.03","article-title":"VATS thymectomy: oncological results and comparison between minimally invasive strategies","volume":"2","author":"Raveglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shanghai Chest"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v40","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv277","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Girard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00555-1","article-title":"Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from","volume":"76","author":"Kondo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Japan Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.10.018","article-title":"Systemic treatments for thymoma and thymic carcinoma: a systematic review","volume":"126","author":"Berghmans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0586","article-title":"Prognostic factors and efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced thymic carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of 286 patients from NEJ023 study","volume":"23","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.14.144","article-title":"Capecitabine plus gemcitabine in thymic epithelial tumors: final analysis of a Phase II trial","volume":"10","author":"Palmieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.09.015","article-title":"Phase II trial of single agent amrubicin in patients with previously treated advanced thymic malignancies","volume":"137","author":"Hellyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14040316","article-title":"An overview on molecular characterization of thymic tumors: old and new targets for clinical advances","volume":"14","author":"Tateo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71181-7","article-title":"Sunitinib in patients with chemotherapy-refractory thymoma and thymic carcinoma: an open-label phase 2 trial","volume":"16","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30162-5","article-title":"Lenvatinib in patients with advanced or metastatic thymic carcinoma (remora): a multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"21","author":"Sato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.4078","article-title":"Phase II study of everolimus in patients with thymoma and thymic carcinoma previously treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy","volume":"36","author":"Zucali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.09.015","article-title":"Expression of mesothelin in thymic carcinoma and its potential therapeutic significance","volume":"101","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01658-6","article-title":"Exploiting mesothelin in thymic carcinoma as a drug delivery target for anetumab ravtansine","volume":"126","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.11.003","article-title":"Durable response in patients with thymic carcinoma treated with Pembrolizumab after prolonged follow-Up","volume":"16","author":"Giaccone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012","article-title":"Single-arm, multicentre, phase II trial of nivolumab for unresectable or recurrent thymic carcinoma: PRIMER study","volume":"113","author":"Katsuya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.21037\/med-20-20","article-title":"The role of induction therapy for thymic malignancies: a narrative review","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediastinum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000128","article-title":"Thymic carcinoma: a cohort study of patients from the European society of thoracic surgeons database","volume":"9","author":"Ruffini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.01.002","article-title":"The impact of postoperative radiotherapy for thymoma and thymic carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Jackson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29164","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy: not all thymic malignancies are created equal","volume":"121","author":"Rimner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.2675","article-title":"Phase II study of hemithoracic intensity-modulated pleural radiation therapy (IMPRINT) as part of lung-sparing multimodality therapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"34","author":"Rimner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.04.026","article-title":"Predictors of pleural implants in patients with thymic tumors","volume":"102","author":"Kamel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000099","article-title":"Failure patterns relative to radiation treatment fields for stage II\u2013IV thymoma","volume":"9","author":"Rimner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.08.037","article-title":"Long-term, disease-specific outcomes of thymic malignancies presenting with de novo pleural metastasis","volume":"159","author":"Choe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.02.003","article-title":"Prospective study of proton beam radiation therapy for adjuvant and definitive treatment of thymoma and thymic carcinoma: early response and toxicity assessment. Radiotherapy and oncology","volume":"118","author":"Vogel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.05.019","article-title":"Adjuvant proton beam therapy in the management of thymoma: A dosimetric comparison and acute toxicities","volume":"17","author":"Parikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1302097","article-title":"Risk of major cardiac events following adjuvant proton versus photon radiation therapy for patients with thymic malignancies","volume":"56","author":"Vogel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2019.1575981","article-title":"Proton therapy for thymic malignancies: multi-institutional patterns-of-care and early clinical outcomes from the proton collaborative group and the university of Florida prospective registries","volume":"58","author":"Mercado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.04.022","article-title":"Predicted rate of secondary malignancies following adjuvant proton versus photon radiation therapy for thymoma","volume":"99","author":"Vogel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx037","article-title":"Comparison of clinical features and survival between thymic carcinoma and thymic carcinoid patients","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Thoracic Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556086422000909?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556086422000909?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:48:46Z","timestamp":1761562126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1556086422000909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1556086422000909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-0864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-0864","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thymic Carcinomas\u2014A Concise Multidisciplinary Update on Recent Developments From the Thymic Carcinoma Working Group of the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Thoracic Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.01.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}