{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T01:50:10Z","timestamp":1793670610165,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006364","name":"Institut National Du Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005294","name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021671","name":"Instituto Nacional do C\u00e2ncer, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019346","name":"Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007277","name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001271","name":"Chartered Institute of Management Accountants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010175","name":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016275","name":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007308","name":"Arthrex GmbH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008837","name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007937","name":"Peking University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017689","name":"Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004932","name":"B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004932","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010930","name":"Columbus State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010930","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018573","name":"Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SWOG-0819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SWOG-0819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007338","name":"All-India Institute of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007867","name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jto.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Thoracic Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T12:50:48Z","timestamp":1710766248000},"page":"1028-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Staging Project for Lung Cancer: Recommendation to Introduce Spread Through Air Spaces as a Histologic Descriptor in the Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer. Analysis of 4061 Pathologic Stage I NSCLC"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"William D.","family":"Travis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Eisele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine K.","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania G.","family":"Aly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Bertoglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teh-Ying","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank C.","family":"Detterbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Donnington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemp","family":"Kernstine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolande","family":"Lievens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Mino-Kenudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Papotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Rami-Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Rusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Ugalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Van Schil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Fu Jeffrey","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa J.","family":"Cilento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Yotsukura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Asamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000486","article-title":"Tumor spread through air spaces is an important pattern of invasion and impacts the frequency and location of recurrences after limited resection for small Stage I lung adenocarcinomas","volume":"10","author":"Kadota","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib2","series-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours: Thoracic Tumours","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib3","series-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart","author":"Travis","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.02.045","article-title":"Tumor spread through air spaces in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2021.10.004","article-title":"Meta-analysis of lobectomy and sublobar resection for Stage I non-small cell lung cancer with spread through air spaces","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-019-00616-1","article-title":"Prognostic impact of tumor spread through air spaces in non-small cell lung cancers: a meta-analysis including 3564 patients","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051112","article-title":"Clinicopathological impact of the spread through air space in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Pyo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2019.05.012","article-title":"Tumor spread through air spaces is a survival predictor in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.09.005","article-title":"Lobectomy is associated with better outcomes than sublobar resection in spread through air spaces (STAS)-positive T1 lung adenocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis","volume":"14","author":"Eguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.03.020","article-title":"Tumor spread through air spaces affects the recurrence and overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma >2 to 3 cm","volume":"12","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.03.019","article-title":"Semiquantitative assessment of tumor spread through air spaces (STAS) in early-stage lung adenocarcinomas","volume":"12","author":"Uruga","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2022.11.007","article-title":"Spread through air spaces is a powerful prognostic predictor in patients with completely resected pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"174","author":"Shimomura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.09.129","article-title":"Spread through air spaces (STAS) is an independent predictor of recurrence and lung cancer-specific death in squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.05.009","article-title":"Spread through air spaces (STAS) is prognostic in atypical carcinoid, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma of the lung","volume":"14","author":"Aly","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.06.007","article-title":"Tumor spread through air spaces identifies a distinct subgroup with poor prognosis in surgically resected lung pleomorphic carcinoma","volume":"154","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.11.003","article-title":"Correlation of tumor spread through air spaces and clinicopathological characteristics in surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas","volume":"126","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112583","article-title":"The evolving concept of complete resection in lung cancer surgery","volume":"13","author":"Rami-Porta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.01.18","article-title":"Will spread through air spaces be a staging parameter in lung cancer","volume":"10","author":"Uruga","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2018.10.007","article-title":"Spread\u00a0through air spaces (STAS): A new pathologic morphology in lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14062","article-title":"Updates on spread through air spaces (STAS) in lung cancer","volume":"77","author":"Shih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib21","series-title":"UICC TNM [suppl]","article-title":"Additional descriptors","author":"Wittekind","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib22","series-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","first-page":"28","article-title":"Histologic and specimen descriptors: Principles of Cancer Staging, Chapter 1","author":"Gress","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib23","series-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","first-page":"431","article-title":"Lung","author":"Rami-Porta","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2023.12.006","article-title":"The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for the Revisions of the T-Descriptors in the Forthcoming Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Van Schil","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib25","series-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","author":"Amin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib26","series-title":"TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours","author":"Brierley","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.06.001","article-title":"A\u00a0grading system for invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a proposal from the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer pathology committee","volume":"15","author":"Moreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00035-2016","article-title":"Histological grading in lung cancer: one system for all or separate systems for each histological type?","volume":"47","author":"Travis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2023.01.088","article-title":"IASLC lung cancer staging project: the new database to inform revisions in the ninth edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer","volume":"18","author":"Asamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib30","series-title":"UICC TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors","first-page":"105","article-title":"Lung, pleural, and thymic tumours","author":"Brierley","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.02.011","article-title":"The IASLC lung cancer staging project: proposals for revision of the TNM stage groups in the forthcoming (ninth) edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer","volume":"19","author":"Rami-Porta","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib32","series-title":"Staging of Cancer of the Lung. Manual for Staging of Cancer","first-page":"59","author":"Mountain","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib33","first-page":"161","article-title":"Staging of lung cancer","volume":"54","author":"Mountain","year":"1981","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib34","series-title":"AJCC Manual for Staging of Cancer","first-page":"115","article-title":"Lung","author":"Beahrs","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib35","series-title":"AJCC Manual for Staging of Cancer","first-page":"115","article-title":"Lung","author":"Beahrs","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib36","series-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","first-page":"127","article-title":"Lung","author":"Fleming","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib37","series-title":"UICC International Union Against Cancer, TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours","first-page":"97","article-title":"Lung and pleural tumours","author":"Sobin","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib38","series-title":"Lung. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","first-page":"253","author":"Rusch","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15246","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6211","article-title":"Prognostic impact of tumor spread through air spaces for T2aN0 stage IB non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001285","article-title":"Limited resection is associated with a higher risk of locoregional recurrence than lobectomy in Stage I lung adenocarcinoma with tumor spread through air spaces","volume":"43","author":"Kadota","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-04619-z","article-title":"The significance of spread through air spaces in the prognostic assessment model of stage I lung adenocarcinoma and the exploration of its invasion mechanism","volume":"149","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.01.037","article-title":"Significance of spread through air spaces in resected pathological Stage I lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"105","author":"Toyokawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib43","article-title":"Morphological subtypes of tumor spread through air spaces in non-small cell lung cancer: prognostic heterogeneity and its underlying mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.14033","article-title":"Pathological prognostic factors of recurrence in early stage lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"88","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa361","article-title":"Prognostic impact of tumour spread through air space in radiological subsolid and pure solid lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"59","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.09.008","article-title":"Procedure-specific risk prediction for recurrence in patients undergoing lobectomy or sublobar resection for small (\u22642 cm) lung adenocarcinoma: An International Cohort Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Bains","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-00709-2","article-title":"Tumor spread through air spaces (STAS): prognostic significance of grading in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"34","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.04.47","article-title":"Spread through air spaces affects survival and recurrence of patients with clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer after wedge resection","volume":"12","author":"Shiono","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib49","series-title":"Staging Manual in Thoracic Oncology","author":"Rami-Porta","year":"2016"},{"issue":"suppl 45","key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib50","article-title":"Impact of STAS in lung cancer staging","volume":"14","author":"Travis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib52","author":"Schneider"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-020-01287-9","article-title":"Meta-analysis of association between CT-based features and tumor spread through air spaces in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1938","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.08.77","article-title":"Predicting spread through air spaces (STAS) preoperatively: can imaging help?","volume":"11","author":"Johnston","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-021-01240-3","article-title":"Development and validation of a CT-based nomogram to predict spread through air space (STAS) in peripheral stage IA lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa011","article-title":"Radiomics-based prediction for tumour spread through air spaces in stage I lung adenocarcinoma using machine learning","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W19","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000693","article-title":"Computed tomography features and tumor spread through air spaces in lung adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04462-8","article-title":"Significance of spread through air spaces in small cell lung cancer","volume":"149","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.03.025","article-title":"The IASLC lung cancer staging project: proposals for coding T categories for subsolid nodules and assessment of tumor size in part-solid tumors in the forthcoming eighth edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Travis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-017-0274-7","article-title":"Clinicopathological significance of micropapillary pattern in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Pyo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2022.07.007","article-title":"Prognostic value of complex glandular patterns in invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas","volume":"128","author":"Boss\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.04.018","article-title":"The newly described filigree pattern is an expansion of the micropapillary adenocarcinoma concept rather than a proposed new subtype","volume":"15","author":"Emoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-00711-8","article-title":"Recognition of filigree pattern expands the concept of micropapillary subtype in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2008.79","article-title":"Histopathological features and prognostic significance of the micropapillary pattern in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Kamiya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13754","article-title":"Clinical implication of minimal presence of solid or micropapillary subtype in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.06.014","article-title":"The clinical impact of solid and micropapillary patterns in resected lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Yanagawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02230-w","article-title":"Evolutionary characterization of lung adenocarcinoma morphology in TRACERx","volume":"29","author":"Karasaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.001","article-title":"Pro: is spread through air spaces (STAS) an in-vivo phenomenon or an inducible artifact?","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib69","series-title":"TNM Supplement. A Commentary on Uniform Use","first-page":"18","author":"Wittekind","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000872","article-title":"Tumor spread through air spaces is an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival in patients with resected lung squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"41","author":"Kadota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000622","article-title":"Clinical relevance of different papillary growth patterns of pulmonary adenocarcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Warth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1159\/000525456","article-title":"The more extensive the spread through air spaces, the worse the prognosis is: semi-quantitative evaluation of spread through air spaces in pulmonary adenocarcinomas","volume":"90","author":"Zombori-T\u00f3th","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2023.01.030","article-title":"Analysis of recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma with spread through air spaces","volume":"166","author":"Khalil","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13236","article-title":"Histological features of malignancy correlate with growth patterns and patient outcome in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"71","author":"Makinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2021.12.013","article-title":"Prognostic implication of tumor spread through air spaces in patients with pathologic N0 lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"164","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivw211","article-title":"Spread through air spaces is a predictive factor of recurrence and a prognostic factor in stage I lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Shiono","year":"2016","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9547","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5731","article-title":"Clinical implications and molecular features of tertiary lymphoid structures in stage I lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.01.009","article-title":"Impact of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy on the survival of stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients with tumor spread through air spaces","volume":"177","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2022.03.016","article-title":"Tumor-associated CD163+ macrophage as a predictor of tumor spread through air spaces and with CD25+ lymphocyte as a prognostic factor in resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"167","author":"Yoshida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.09.020","article-title":"Segmentectomy vs lobectomy for clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma with spread through air spaces","volume":"112","author":"Kagimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-21-750","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of the influence of STAS on the long-term prognosis of stage I lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Cancer Res"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2025.08.020","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000}},{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2025.08.020","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Thoracic Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556086424001229?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556086424001229?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T21:27:43Z","timestamp":1762550863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1556086424001229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1556086424001229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-0864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-0864","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Staging Project for Lung Cancer: Recommendation to Introduce Spread Through Air Spaces as a Histologic Descriptor in the Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer. Analysis of 4061 Pathologic Stage I NSCLC","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Thoracic Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}