{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:49:24Z","timestamp":1790336964654,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY11224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY11224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY00331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY00331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Ocular Surface"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T05:31:43Z","timestamp":1551072703000},"page":"341-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ellipsometry of human tears"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ben J.","family":"Glasgow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(69)90008-7","article-title":"Surface phenomena of the tear film","volume":"67","author":"McDonald","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000060998.20142.8D","article-title":"Increase in tear film lipid layer thickness following treatment with warm compresses in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Olson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001101","article-title":"Automated measurement of tear film dynamics and lipid layer thickness for assessment of non-sj\u00f6gren dry eye syndrome with meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318191b870","article-title":"The relationship between dry eye symptoms and lipid layer thickness","volume":"28","author":"Blackie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31821ea667","article-title":"Noninvasive, objective, multimodal tear dynamics evaluation of 5 over-the-counter tear drops in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Tung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.41.001981","article-title":"In vivo thickness dynamics measurement of tear film lipid and aqueous layers with optical coherence tomography and maximum-likelihood estimation","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-017-0426-8","article-title":"Image-based quantitative analysis of tear film lipid layer thickness for meibomian gland evaluation","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1979.tb01842.x","article-title":"Semiquantitative interference study of fatty layer of precorneal film","volume":"57","author":"Norn","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199407000-00012","article-title":"Tear film lipid layer thickness as a function of blinking","volume":"13","author":"Korb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916437","article-title":"Biophysical characteristics of the Meibomian lipid layer under in vitro conditions","volume":"16","author":"Kaercher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib11","first-page":"12","article-title":"[Morphology of the Meibomian lipid film. Results of Brewster angle microscopy]","volume":"92","author":"Kaercher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.2.173","article-title":"Differentiation of lipid tear deficiency dry eye by kinetic analysis of tear interference images","volume":"121","author":"Goto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(11)70033-7","article-title":"High resolution microscopy of the lipid layer of the tear film","volume":"9","author":"King-Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.52.001998","article-title":"Thin-film thickness profile measurement by three-wavelength interference color analysis","volume":"52","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib15","first-page":"905","article-title":"Surface phenomena of tear films","volume":"66","author":"McDonald","year":"1968","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib16","volume":"vol. 30","author":"Tompkins","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-009-9662-6","article-title":"Spectroscopic ellipsometry and polarimetry for materials and systems analysis at the nanometer scale: state-of-the-art, potential, and perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Losurdo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nanoparticle Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6489","article-title":"Fluorescein punctate staining traced to superficial corneal epithelial cells by impression cytology and confocal microscopy","volume":"52","author":"Mokhtarzadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9419","article-title":"Mass spectrometric identification of phospholipids in human tears and tear lipocalin","volume":"53","author":"Dean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688609029242","article-title":"Refractive index of meibomian and other lipids","volume":"5","author":"Tiffany","year":"1986","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.12693\/APhysPolA.104.123","article-title":"Dielectric function of nitride semiconductors: recent experimental results","volume":"104","author":"Goldhahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Phys Pol A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2012.12.028","article-title":"Benjamin Franklin, Philadelphia's favorite son, was a membrane biophysicist","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib23","first-page":"437","article-title":"Ten years of research in one paper","volume":"46","author":"Pockels","year":"1891","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-7866-9","article-title":"Thickness and refractive index of DPPC and DPPE monolayers by multiple-beam interferometry","volume":"406","author":"Kienle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2011.12.001","article-title":"Integrated multimodal metrology for objective and noninvasive tear evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Kottaiyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1039\/C4SM00758A","article-title":"Surface relaxations as a tool to distinguish the dynamic interfacial properties of films formed by normal and diseased meibomian lipids","volume":"10","author":"Georgiev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21813","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160921813","article-title":"Surface properties of squalene\/meibum films and NMR confirmation of squalene in tears","volume":"16","author":"Ivanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.03.013","article-title":"Structure-function relationship of tear film lipid layer: a contemporary perspective","volume":"163","author":"Georgiev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082209","article-title":"Effects of lipid saturation on the surface properties of human meibum films","volume":"19","author":"Nencheva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2015.12.009","article-title":"Dynamic interfacial properties of human tear-lipid films and their interactions with model-tear proteins in vitro","volume":"233","author":"Svitova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5445","article-title":"Surfactant properties of human meibomian lipids","volume":"52","author":"Mudgil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21813","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160921813","article-title":"Surface properties of squalene\/meibum films and NMR confirmation of squalene in tears","volume":"16","author":"Ivanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10022","article-title":"Analysis of comparison of human meibomian lipid films and mixtures with cholesteryl esters in vitro films using high resolution color microscopy","volume":"53","author":"Millar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182a7f3e1","article-title":"Evaluation of lipid layer thickness measurement of the tear film as a diagnostic tool for meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"32","author":"Finis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib35","first-page":"3100","article-title":"Tear lipocalins: potential lipid scavengers for the corneal surface","volume":"40","author":"Glasgow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000138837.52694.37","article-title":"Surface pressure measurements of human tears and individual tear film components indicate that proteins are major contributors to the surface pressure","volume":"24","author":"Tragoulias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["The Ocular Surface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542012418303744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542012418303744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T17:54:08Z","timestamp":1778522048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542012418303744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1542012418303744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0124","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ellipsometry of human tears","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Ocular Surface","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}