{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:06:31Z","timestamp":1778634391417,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Ocular Surface"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T11:35:51Z","timestamp":1591011351000},"page":"169-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bacterial contamination of intravitreal needles by the ocular surface microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6194-1128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome","family":"Ozkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minas","family":"Coroneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Sandbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Subedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Willcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.92","article-title":"The burden of disease of retinal vein occlusion: review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Laouri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib2","first-page":"A17","article-title":"Age-related eye diseases: an emerging challenge for public health professionals","volume":"2","author":"Gohdes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.018","article-title":"Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of the ANCHOR study","volume":"116","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.064","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"113","author":"Avery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12118","volume":"19","author":"Durand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endophthalmitis. Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200410000-00002","article-title":"Risks of intravitreous injection: a comprehensive review","volume":"24","author":"Jager","year":"2004","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301439","article-title":"Endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection versus endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: clinical features, causative organisms and post-treatment outcomes","volume":"96","author":"Simunovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"British J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13345","article-title":"Post-surgical versus post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis: changing patterns in causative flora","volume":"47","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.09.001","article-title":"Identification of torque teno virus in culture-negative endophthalmitis by representational deep DNA sequencing","volume":"122","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2010.520405","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of needles used for intravitreal injections: a prospective, multicenter study","volume":"19","author":"Stewart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31816b3180","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of ocular surface and needles in patients undergoing intravitreal injections","volume":"28","author":"de Caro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210901900215","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of needle points after intravitreal injection","volume":"19","author":"Nentwich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10494-9","article-title":"Temporal stability and composition of the ocular surface microbiome","volume":"7","author":"Ozkan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6939","article-title":"Diversity of bacteria at healthy human conjunctiva","volume":"52","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4268","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24651","article-title":"Identification and visualization of a distinct microbiome in ocular surface conjunctival tissue","volume":"59","author":"Ozkan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000080107","article-title":"Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample","volume":"108","author":"Caporaso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.133","article-title":"Touchdown PCR for increased specificity and sensitivity in PCR amplification","volume":"3","author":"Korbie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461","article-title":"Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST","volume":"26","author":"Edgar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib20","article-title":"UNOISE2: improved error-correction for Illumina 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing","author":"Edgar","year":"2016","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr381","article-title":"UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection","volume":"27","author":"Edgar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D643","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1209","article-title":"The SILVA and \"All-species living tree project (LTP)\" taxonomic frameworks","volume":"42","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-014-0087-z","article-title":"Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses","volume":"12","author":"Salter","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0605-2","article-title":"Simple statistical identification and removal of contaminant sequences in marker-gene and metagenomics data","volume":"6","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiz102","article-title":"Interannual comparison of core taxa and community composition of the blow microbiota from East Australian humpback whales","volume":"95","author":"Vendl","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS (Fed Eur Microbiol Soc) Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib27","series-title":"Vegan: community ecology package","author":"Oksanen","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.6.1919-1925.1990","article-title":"Combination of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes with flow cytometry for analyzing mixed microbial populations","volume":"56","author":"Amann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-018-0163-6","article-title":"Clinical presentations, management outcomes, and diagnostic dilemma in Kocuria endophthalmitis","volume":"8","author":"Dave","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070130025012","article-title":"Micrococcus endophthalmitis","volume":"108","author":"Cartwright","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(88)32990-8","article-title":"Coagulase-negative staphylococcal endophthalmitis. Increase in antimicrobial resistance","volume":"95","author":"Davis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib33","article-title":"Changes in the eye microbiota associated with contact lens","volume":"7","author":"Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wearing. mBio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.04.008","article-title":"Defining the normal core microbiome of conjunctival microbial communities","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2008.22.1.63","article-title":"A case of postoperative Sphingomonas paucimobilis endophthalmitis after cataract extraction","volume":"22","author":"Seo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kor J Ophthalmol: KJO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00200.x","article-title":"Recent findings on the viable but nonculturable state in pathogenic bacteria","volume":"34","author":"Oliver","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.014","article-title":"Antimicrobial compounds in tears","volume":"117","author":"McDermott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5116","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19803","article-title":"Paucibacterial microbiome and resident DNA virome of the healthy conjunctiva","volume":"57","author":"Doan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20140306-08","article-title":"Meta-analysis of infectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents","volume":"45","author":"Fileta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Image. Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000901","article-title":"Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection: role of prophylactic topical ophthalmic antibiotics","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.277","article-title":"Endophthalmitis caused by Acinetobacter baumanni: a case series","volume":"27","author":"Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.177709","article-title":"A cluster of acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis over a 1-month period: investigation of an outbreak caused by uncommon species","volume":"95","author":"Akcakaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"British J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S39608","article-title":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: clinical and microbiological results","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.12.026","article-title":"Endophthalmitis caused by Bacillus species","volume":"145","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020010250013","article-title":"Corynebacterium endophthalmitis. Laboratory studies and report of a case treated by vitrectomy","volume":"97","author":"Hanscom","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820a67e4","article-title":"Meta-analysis of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents: causative organisms and possible prevention strategies","volume":"31","author":"McCannel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2964-2966.2001","article-title":"Evaulation of VITEK 2 rapid identification and susceptibility testing system agains gram-negative clinical isolates","volume":"39","author":"Ling","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["The Ocular Surface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542012420300884?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542012420300884?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T04:43:24Z","timestamp":1761540204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542012420300884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S1542012420300884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0124","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bacterial contamination of intravitreal needles by the ocular surface microbiome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Ocular Surface","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.05.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}