{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:50:47Z","timestamp":1790247047353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":352,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPB-203478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPB-203478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002806","name":"Discovery Eye Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021459","name":"Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Ocular Surface"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T11:55:10Z","timestamp":1694001310000},"page":"150-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A review of the epithelial and stromal effects of corneal collagen crosslinking"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Bradford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangbang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibor","family":"Juhasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Jester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8818","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8070","article-title":"Nonlinear optical macroscopic assessment of 3-D corneal collagen organization and axial biomechanics","volume":"52","author":"Winkler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1177","article-title":"Second-harmonic imaging microscopy of normal human and keratoconus cornea","volume":"48","author":"Morishige","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101559","article-title":"Keratoconus: an updated review","volume":"45","author":"Santodomingo-Rubido","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1780271","article-title":"Is keratoconus an inflammatory disease? The implication of inflammatory pathways","volume":"30","author":"Loh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.63","article-title":"Keratoconus: an inflammatory disorder?","volume":"29","author":"Galvis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000499","article-title":"Inflammation in keratoconus","volume":"34","author":"Galvis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12211","article-title":"Biomechanical properties of the keratoconic cornea: a review","volume":"98","author":"Vellara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2011.02681.x","article-title":"Trends in the distribution of donor corneal tissue and indications for corneal transplantation: the New Zealand National Eye Bank Study 2000-2009","volume":"40","author":"Cunningham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_141_19","article-title":"Corneal transplantation in the modern era","volume":"150","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.12.033","article-title":"Validation of the Ectasia Risk Score System for preoperative laser in situ keratomileusis screening","volume":"145","author":"Randleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02220-1","article-title":"Riboflavin\/ultraviolet-a-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus","volume":"135","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0410","article-title":"Induction of cross-links in corneal tissue","volume":"66","author":"Spoerl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.01.002","article-title":"Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A. I. Principles","volume":"11","author":"Raiskup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9385","article-title":"Photochemical kinetics of corneal cross-linking with riboflavin","volume":"53","author":"Kamaev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01190.x","article-title":"Long-term biomechanical properties of rabbit cornea after photodynamic collagen crosslinking","volume":"87","author":"Wollensak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.06.040","article-title":"Nonlinear optical corneal collagen crosslinking of ex vivo rabbit eyes","volume":"42","author":"Bradford","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4788","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.004788","article-title":"Custom built nonlinear optical crosslinking (NLO CXL) device capable of producing mechanical stiffening in ex vivo rabbit corneas","volume":"8","author":"Bradford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib18","first-page":"389","article-title":"Determining the efficacy of corneal crosslinking in progressive keratoconus","volume":"33","author":"Malik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.036","article-title":"United States multicenter clinical trial of corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus treatment","volume":"10","author":"Hersh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.230","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of epithelium removal and transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus","volume":"29","author":"Shalchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.10.045","article-title":"Combined laser in situ keratomileusis and prophylactic high-fluence corneal collagen crosslinking for high myopia: two-year safety and efficacy","volume":"41","author":"Kanellopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2014.05.006","article-title":"Long-term results of corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus","volume":"8","author":"De Bernardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.03.036","article-title":"Photorefractive intrastromal corneal crosslinking for the treatment of myopic refractive errors: six-month interim findings","volume":"43","author":"Elling","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.205","article-title":"Intraoperative and postoperative effects of corneal collagen cross-linking on progressive keratoconus","volume":"127","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.12.039","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in keratoconus: long-term results","volume":"34","author":"Raiskup-Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.01.012","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking in a pediatric group with progressive keratoconus: a 7-year follow-up","volume":"250","author":"Polido","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-009-0173-2","article-title":"A computational remodeling approach to predict the physiological architecture of the collagen fibril network in corneo-scleral shells","volume":"9","author":"Grytz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5662","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14561","article-title":"Magic angle-enhanced MRI of fibrous microstructures in sclera and cornea with and without intraocular pressure loading","volume":"55","author":"Ho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2009.11.004","article-title":"Collagen and mature elastic fibre organisation as a function of depth in the human cornea and limbus","volume":"169","author":"Kamma-Lorger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-7112","article-title":"Combined nonlinear and femtosecond confocal laser-scanning microscopy of rabbit corneas after photochemical cross-linking","volume":"52","author":"Kruger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-4328(00)00041-X","article-title":"Corneal and scleral collagens--a microscopist's perspective","volume":"32","author":"Meek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-1077-6","article-title":"Pregnancy-induced remodeling of collagen architecture and content in the mitral valve","volume":"42","author":"Pierlot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5258","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9705","article-title":"Quantitative mapping of collagen fiber orientation in non-glaucoma and glaucoma posterior human sclerae","volume":"53","author":"Pijanka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5791","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.005791","article-title":"Second harmonic generation imaging of collagen fibrils in cornea and sclera","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5622","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17129","article-title":"Second harmonic generation imaging analysis of collagen arrangement in human cornea","volume":"56","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.07.018","article-title":"From nano to macro: studying the hierarchical structure of the corneal extracellular matrix","volume":"133","author":"Quantock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.11.036","article-title":"Characterizing the morphologic changes in collagen crosslinked-treated corneas by Fourier transform-second harmonic generation imaging","volume":"39","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201600122","article-title":"Three-dimensional mapping of the orientation of collagen corneal lamellae in healthy and keratoconic human corneas using SHG microscopy","volume":"10","author":"Mercatelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biophot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20241","article-title":"Evaluation of therapeutic tissue crosslinking (TXL) for myopia using second harmonic generation signal microscopy in rabbit sclera","volume":"58","author":"Zyablitskaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000105827.85025.7f","article-title":"Collagen fiber diameter in the rabbit cornea after collagen crosslinking by riboflavin\/UVA","volume":"23","author":"Wollensak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200401000-00008","article-title":"Keratocyte apoptosis after corneal collagen cross-linking using riboflavin\/UVA treatment","volume":"23","author":"Wollensak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00343-2","article-title":"Endothelial cell damage after riboflavin-ultraviolet-A treatment in the rabbit","volume":"29","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318041f073","article-title":"Wound healing in the rabbit cornea after corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and UVA","volume":"26","author":"Wollensak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib44","first-page":"91","article-title":"Effect of riboflavin\/UVA collagen cross-linking on central cornea, limbus and intraocular pressure. Experimental study in rabbit eyes","volume":"59","author":"Kozobolis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib45","first-page":"487","article-title":"Confocal microscopic characterization of wound repair after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"39","author":"Moller-Pedersen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2015.04.007","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopy after corneal collagen crosslinking","volume":"13","author":"Mazzotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib47","first-page":"2945","article-title":"On-line 3-dimensional confocal imaging in vivo","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.01.013","article-title":"Collagen crosslinking with conventional and accelerated ultraviolet-A irradiation using riboflavin with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose","volume":"43","author":"Hagem","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.12.014","article-title":"High-irradiance accelerated collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus: six-month results","volume":"40","author":"Mita","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000426","article-title":"Controversies in corneal collagen crosslinking: a review of investigational crosslinking protocols and its off-label application","volume":"62","author":"Somohano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2778_21","article-title":"Accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking in progressive keratoconus: five-year results and predictors of visual and topographic outcomes","volume":"70","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071785","article-title":"Topographic outcomes in keratoconus surgery: epi-on versus epi-off iontophoresis corneal collagen cross-linking","volume":"11","author":"Napolitano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01512-3","article-title":"Complications of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking: review of 2025 eyes","volume":"40","author":"Cakmak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2020.08.013","article-title":"Corneal collagen cross-linking in pediatric keratoconus with three protocols: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Fard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_11_19","article-title":"Accelerated epithelium-on or accelerated epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking: contralateral comparison study","volume":"10","author":"Yuksel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.08.07","article-title":"Comparative 2-year outcomes of conventional and accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking in progressive keratoconus","volume":"13","author":"Ucakhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.03.026","article-title":"Assessment of stromal riboflavin concentration-depth profile in nanotechnology-based transepithelial corneal crosslinking","volume":"43","author":"Lombardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04595-6","article-title":"Comparison between standard and transepithelial corneal crosslinking using a theranostic UV-A device","author":"Lombardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S137712","article-title":"Epithelium-on photorefractive intrastromal cross-linking (PiXL) for reduction of low myopia","volume":"11","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5006","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16903","article-title":"Transepithelial riboflavin absorption in an ex vivo rabbit corneal model","volume":"56","author":"Gore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7908","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17569","article-title":"A comparison of different corneal iontophoresis protocols for promoting transepithelial riboflavin penetration","volume":"56","author":"Gore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0734-9","article-title":"Early epithelial complications of accelerated trans-epithelial corneal crosslinking in treatment of keratoconus: a case series","volume":"38","author":"Chow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.09.051","article-title":"Enhancement of corneal permeation of riboflavin-5'-phosphate through vitamin E TPGS: a promising approach in corneal trans-epithelial cross linking treatment","volume":"440","author":"Ostacolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2017.0025","article-title":"The effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on transepithelial corneal cross-linking in rabbits","volume":"33","author":"Koc","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12595","article-title":"Iontophoresis transcorneal delivery technique for transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin in a rabbit model","volume":"57","author":"Cassagne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/404587","article-title":"Imaging mass spectrometry by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization and stress-strain measurements in iontophoresis transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking","volume":"2014","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12884","article-title":"A study of stromal riboflavin absorption in ex vivo porcine corneas using new and existing delivery protocols for corneal cross-linking","volume":"94","author":"Hayes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib68","first-page":"570","article-title":"Transepithelial corneal crosslinking in treatment of progressive keratoconus: 12 months' clinical results","volume":"33","author":"Akbar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.10.014","article-title":"An investigation into corneal enzymatic resistance following epithelium-off and epithelium-on corneal cross-linking protocols","volume":"153","author":"Aldahlawi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.11.018","article-title":"Corneal cross-linking: intrastromal riboflavin concentration in iontophoresis-assisted imbibition versus traditional and transepithelial techniques","volume":"157","author":"Mastropasqua","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.03.035","article-title":"Complication and failure rates after corneal crosslinking","volume":"35","author":"Koller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13918","article-title":"Transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking using iontophoresis versus the Dresden protocol in progressive keratoconus: a meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2020.07.005","article-title":"Epithelium-Off vs. transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking in progressive keratoconus: 3 years of follow-up","volume":"14","author":"Arance-Gil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01713-4","article-title":"New perspectives in keratoconus treatment: an update on iontophoresis-assisted corneal collagen crosslinking","volume":"41","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025728","article-title":"Transepithelial versus epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking for corneal ectasia: protocol for a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Nath","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.08.021","article-title":"Transepithelial versus epithelium-off corneal crosslinking for corneal ectasia","volume":"44","author":"Kobashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2013.0174","article-title":"Benzalkonium chloride and glaucoma","volume":"30","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182a8196f","article-title":"Changes in rabbit corneal innervation induced by the topical application of benzalkonium chloride","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e352","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14275","article-title":"Standard cross-linking protocol versus accelerated and transepithelial cross-linking protocols for treatment of paediatric keratoconus: a 2-year comparative study","volume":"98","author":"Iqbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309210","article-title":"Refractive improvements and safety with topography-guided corneal crosslinking for keratoconus: 1-year results","volume":"101","author":"Nordstrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1101_17","article-title":"Corneal regularization following customized corneal collagen cross-linking","volume":"66","author":"Sachdev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.02.029","article-title":"Customized corneal cross-linking: one-year results","volume":"166","author":"Seiler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00407-3","article-title":"Stress-strain measurements of human and porcine corneas after riboflavin-ultraviolet-A-induced cross-linking","volume":"29","author":"Wollensak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.6.35","article-title":"Nonlinear optical corneal crosslinking, mechanical stiffening, and corneal flattening using amplified femtosecond pulses","volume":"8","author":"Bradford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.06.015","article-title":"Corneal stromal elasticity and viscoelasticity assessed by atomic force microscopy after different cross linking protocols","volume":"138","author":"Dias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0543-3","article-title":"Brillouin microscopy: an emerging tool for mechanobiology","volume":"16","author":"Prevedel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.02.010","article-title":"Brillouin spectroscopy of normal and keratoconus corneas","volume":"202","author":"Seiler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.07.037","article-title":"Mechanical outcome of accelerated corneal crosslinking evaluated by Brillouin microscopy","volume":"43","author":"Webb","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2021.106478","article-title":"Corneal Lamb wave imaging for quantitative assessment of collagen cross-linking treatment based on comb-push ultrasound shear elastography","volume":"116","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10060397","article-title":"Changes in the 3D corneal structure and morphogeometric properties in keratoconus after corneal collagen crosslinking","volume":"10","author":"Alifa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100257","article-title":"Acoustic micro-tapping optical coherence elastography to quantify corneal collagen cross-linking: an ex vivo human study","volume":"3","author":"Kirby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13011","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.169813","article-title":"Effects of ultraviolet-A and riboflavin on the interaction of collagen and proteoglycans during corneal cross-linking","volume":"286","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31815cf66a","article-title":"Gel electrophoretic analysis of corneal collagen after photodynamic cross-linking treatment","volume":"27","author":"Wollensak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib94","first-page":"1526","article-title":"Keratoconus corneal architecture after riboflavin\/ultraviolet A cross-linking: ultrastructural studies","volume":"19","author":"Akhtar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200704","article-title":"Collagen cross-linking impact on keratoconus extracellular matrix","volume":"13","author":"Sharif","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20180220-01","article-title":"The relationship between mechanical properties, ultrastructural changes, and intrafibrillar bond formation in corneal UVA\/riboflavin cross-linking treatment for keratoconus","volume":"34","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052860","article-title":"The effect of riboflavin\/UVA collagen cross-linking therapy on the structure and hydrodynamic behaviour of the ungulate and rabbit corneal stroma","volume":"8","author":"Hayes","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.08.009","article-title":"Collagen fiber crimping following in vivo UVA-induced corneal crosslinking","volume":"177","author":"Bradford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5325","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7184","article-title":"Multiphoton microscopy of ex vivo corneas after collagen cross-linking","volume":"52","author":"Bueno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.000173","article-title":"Quantization of collagen organization in the stroma with a new order coefficient","volume":"9","author":"Germann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3860498","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the corneal collagen distribution after in vivo cross-linking with second harmonic microscopy","volume":"2019","author":"Bueno","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001134","article-title":"Persistent epithelial defects and corneal opacity after collagen cross-linking with substitution of dextran (T-500) with dextran sulfate in compounded topical riboflavin","volume":"36","author":"Hollhumer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib103","first-page":"389","article-title":"Herpetic keratitis after corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A for keratoconus. Middle east","volume":"22","author":"Al-Qarni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.01.036","article-title":"Microbial keratitis after corneal collagen crosslinking","volume":"35","author":"Perez-Santonja","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2013.12.001","article-title":"Corneal collagen cross-linking: a review","volume":"7","author":"O'Brart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.6.1","article-title":"Enhanced transepithelial riboflavin delivery using femtosecond laser-machined epithelial microchannels","volume":"9","author":"Bradford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/614380","article-title":"Evaluation of epithelial integrity with various transepithelial corneal cross-linking protocols for treatment of keratoconus","volume":"2014","author":"Taneri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20130415-04","article-title":"Biological and biomechanical responses to traditional epithelium-off and transepithelial riboflavin-UVA CXL techniques in rabbits","volume":"29","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.06.001","article-title":"BAC-EDTA transepithelial riboflavin-UVA crosslinking has greater biomechanical stiffening effect than standard epithelium-off in rabbit corneas","volume":"125","author":"Torricelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.07.001","article-title":"Corneal structure and transparency","volume":"49","author":"Meek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01474.x","article-title":"Histological changes in human cornea after cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A","volume":"88","author":"Wollensak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(98)00021-4","article-title":"Corneal stromal wound healing in refractive surgery: the role of myofibroblasts","volume":"18","author":"Jester","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S824","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20090813-12","article-title":"Permanent corneal haze after riboflavin-UVA-induced cross-linking in keratoconus","volume":"25","author":"Raiskup","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003_bib114","first-page":"2803","article-title":"Actin filament organization during endothelial wound healing in the rabbit cornea: comparison between transcorneal freeze and mechanical scrape injuries","volume":"34","author":"Ichijima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["The Ocular Surface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542012423001209?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1542012423001209?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T04:47:34Z","timestamp":1761540454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1542012423001209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["S1542012423001209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0124","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A review of the epithelial and stromal effects of corneal collagen crosslinking","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Ocular Surface","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2023.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}