{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T14:22:29Z","timestamp":1783174949993,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012521","name":"Gadjah Mada University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3739\/UN1\/KG\/PT\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3739\/UN1\/KG\/PT\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:17:41Z","timestamp":1778761061000},"page":"483-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) nanoemulgel promotes buccal mucosal ulcer repair"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2102-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juni","family":"Handajani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina T.C.","family":"Tandelilin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-5157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heriati","family":"Sitosari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0045-3512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rezmelia","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dyah","family":"Irnawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1818-4552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puteri Shafinaz","family":"Abdul-Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9372-4193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Intan D.","family":"Septiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafisa A.","family":"Puspa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.21776\/ub.eprodenta.2023.007.01.2","volume":"7","author":"Prasetyaningrum","year":"2023","journal-title":"E-Prodenta J Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib2","first-page":"94","article-title":"Traumatic oral lesions: pictorial essay","volume":"11","author":"Phore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med J Dr DY Patil Univ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000035024.75914.39","article-title":"Wound healing involves induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in rat skin","volume":"82","author":"Futagami","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib4","series-title":"Textbook of pain","first-page":"51","author":"Melzack","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1335377","article-title":"Revisited and innovative perspectives of oral ulcer: from biological specificity to local treatment","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.06.003","article-title":"Oral wound healing models and emerging regenerative therapies","volume":"236","author":"Toma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2009.05.004","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 induction during wound healing in dog skin","volume":"87","author":"Hamamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123909","article-title":"Green tea (Camellia sinensis): a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology","volume":"27","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.02.048","article-title":"Pharmacological values and therapeutic properties of black tea (Camellia sinensis): a comprehensive overview","volume":"100","author":"Naveed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2478\/acph-2013-0037","article-title":"Design and in vivo evaluation of emulgel formulations including green tea extract and rose oil","volume":"63","author":"Yapar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Pharm"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03096-4","article-title":"Dose-dependent green tea effect on decrease of inflammation in human oral gingival epithelial keratinocytes: in vitro study","volume":"24","author":"Hagiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01735-2","article-title":"Nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel-based carriers as advanced delivery tools for the treatment of oral diseases","volume":"15","author":"Kumari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9030252","article-title":"Development and evaluation of essential oil-based nanoemulgel formulation for the treatment of oral bacterial infections","volume":"9","author":"Ullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010164","article-title":"Nanoemulgel: a novel nano carrier as a tool for topical drug delivery","volume":"15","author":"Donthi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010340","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of green tea polyphenol (\u2012)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis","volume":"24","author":"Mokra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib16","first-page":"109","article-title":"Efficacy of Aloclair for treatment of intraoral ulcer caused by orthodontic appliance","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6123","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26206123","article-title":"Beneficial effects of green tea EGCG on skin wound healing: a comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-024-00240-9","article-title":"The green tea component (\u2212)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in inflammatory conditions","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-022-00304-3","article-title":"Green tea catechin-grafted silk fibroin hydrogels with reactive oxygen species scavenging activity for wound healing applications","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids","volume":"26","author":"Cushnie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"SUPP5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib21","first-page":"157","article-title":"Effect of green tea extract gel as an antioxidant on macrophage cell count after bleaching on Wistar rats","volume":"20","author":"Damara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Malaysian J Med Health Sci"},{"issue":"SUPP5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib22","first-page":"75","article-title":"Effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract gel concentration of 5% and 10% on odontoblast cells after extracoronal bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide","volume":"20","author":"Rosita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Malaysian J Med Health Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib23","first-page":"212","article-title":"Effect of extract gel green tea (Camellia sinensis) on neutrophil of post extracoronal bleaching rat's teeth","volume":"11","author":"Kristanti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Odonto: Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib24","first-page":"201","article-title":"Effect of Ananas comosus nanoemulgel on traumatic ulcers in the inflammatory phase","volume":"20","author":"Handajani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.164339.1","article-title":"Effect of stem cells from Human exfoliated deciduous teeth spent medium (SHED-SM) on the healing of traumatic buccal mucosal ulcers","volume":"14","author":"Handajani","year":"2025","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib26","article-title":"Nanoemulgel development of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-derived conditioned medium as a novel nanocarrier growth factors","author":"Budi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"SUPP12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib27","first-page":"99","article-title":"Effect of green tea extract gel (Camellia sinensis) on the number of blood vessels in dental pulp after extracoronal bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 40%","volume":"20","author":"Lintang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Malays J Med Health Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app132413244","article-title":"Formulation by design of an innovative tea tree oil nanoemulgel incorporating mupirocin for enhanced wound healing activity","volume":"13","author":"Bujubarah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib29","first-page":"72","article-title":"Effect of 5% and 10% green tea extract (Camelia sinensis) on COX-2 expression after extracoronal bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide","volume":"18","author":"Kristanti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Int Dent Med Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6123","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26206123","article-title":"Beneficial effects of green tea EGCG on skin wound healing: a comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02249-0","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-024-00240-9","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate therapeutic potential in human diseases: molecular mechanisms and clinical studies","volume":"5","author":"Alam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"}],"container-title":["Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S165836122600051X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S165836122600051X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T14:12:00Z","timestamp":1783174320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S165836122600051X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S165836122600051X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1658-3612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1658-3612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) nanoemulgel promotes buccal mucosal ulcer repair","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtumed.2026.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}