{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T16:12:54Z","timestamp":1773763974298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,16]],"date-time":"2009-01-16T09:10:48Z","timestamp":1232097048000},"page":"980-984","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Epigenetic Reprogramming: A Possible Etiological Factor in Bladder Pain Syndrome\/Interstitial Cystitis?"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Ada","family":"Elgavish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000099890.35040.8d","article-title":"The historical origins of interstitial cystitis","volume":"171","author":"Parsons","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib2","series-title":"Interstitial Cystitis","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: an introduction to the problem","author":"Wein","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e3282fcea88","article-title":"What is new in bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis?","volume":"18","author":"Hanno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.09.019","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria, classification, and nomenclature for painful bladder syndrome\/interstitial cystitis: an ESSIC proposal","volume":"53","author":"van de Merwe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80329-X","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: a critique of current concepts with a new proposal for pathologic diagnosis and pathogenesis","volume":"49","author":"Elbadawi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00589-9","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis as an infectious disease","volume":"21","author":"Warren","year":"1994","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05124.x","article-title":"The enigma of IC\u2014an autoimmune disease?","volume":"63","author":"Anderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.03.084","article-title":"The role of the urinary epithelium in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis\/prostatitis\/urethritis","volume":"69","author":"Parsons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib9","first-page":"3599","article-title":"The role of bladder surface in interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Teichman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"issue":"suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1109","article-title":"The mast cell in interstitial cystitis: role in pathophysiology and pathogenesis","volume":"69","author":"Sant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1108","article-title":"Neural upregulation in interstitial cystitis","volume":"69","author":"Nazif","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61159-5","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of mouse bladder inflammatory responses to LPS, substance P and antigen stimulation","volume":"160","author":"Saban","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199610)169:1<42::AID-JCP5>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"A subpopulation of human urothelial cells is stimulated to proliferate by treatment in vitro with lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of Streptococcus faecalis","volume":"169","author":"Elgavish","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199610)169:1<52::AID-JCP6>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Long-term treatment with lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus faecalis affects differentiation, and expression and cellular distribution of beta 1 integrins in human urothelial cells","volume":"169","author":"Elgavish","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199610)169:1<66::AID-JCP7>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Nitric oxide mediates the action of lipoteichoic acid on the function of human urothelial cells","volume":"169","author":"Elgavish","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(200002)182:2<232::AID-JCP12>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"NF-kB activation mediates the response of a subpopulation of basal uroepithelial cells to a cell wall component of Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"182","author":"Elgavish","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002439","article-title":"The uroepithelial-associated sensory web","volume":"72","author":"Apodaca","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20511","article-title":"On the origin of bladder sensing: Tr(i)ps in urology","volume":"27","author":"Everaerts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpuro0340","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: specialized interstitial cells of the urothelium: an assessment of current knowledge","volume":"2","author":"Brading","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F489","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00467.2004","article-title":"More than just a barrier: urothelium as a drug target for urinary bladder pain","volume":"289","author":"Birder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.2001.5.3.147","article-title":"Time course of LPS-induced gene expression in a mouse model of genitourinary inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Saban","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61915-3","article-title":"Elevated tryptase, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the urine of interstitial cystitis and bladder cancer patients","volume":"161","author":"Okragly","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.6.1615-1617.1988","article-title":"Endotoxin-induced shedding of viable uroepithelial cells is an antimicrobial defense mechanism","volume":"56","author":"Aronson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1494","article-title":"Induction and evasion of host defenses by type 1-piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"282","author":"Mulvey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(85)92997-4","article-title":"Bacteriology and ultrastructure of the bladder in patients with urinary tract infections","volume":"11","author":"Elliott","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81867-X","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms in stem cell biology","volume":"88","author":"Morrison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib27","series-title":"Bladder Diseases: Research Concepts and Clinical Applications","first-page":"683","article-title":"A hypothesis for the etiology of interstitial cystitis","author":"Elgavish","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2007.01863.x","article-title":"Recent trends in patient characteristics and therapeutic choices for interstitial cystitis: analysis of 282 Japanese patients","volume":"14","author":"Ito","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199707000-00080","article-title":"Evidence for altered proliferative ability of progenitors of of urothelial cells in interstitial cystitis","volume":"158","author":"Elgavish","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2004.09.004","article-title":"Diverse mechanisms regulate stem cell self-renewal","volume":"16","author":"Molofsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"issue":"suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1089","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals","volume":"33","author":"Jaenisch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib32","series-title":"Cancer Epigenetics","article-title":"Dietary and environmental influences on histone modifications in cancer","author":"Saldanha","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00157-0","article-title":"Polycomb, epigenomes, and control of cell identity","volume":"112","author":"Orlando","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06270","article-title":"SMRT-mediated repression of an H3K27 demethylase in progression from neural stem cell to neuron","volume":"450","author":"Jepsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.08.019","article-title":"The histone H3 lysine-27 demethylase Jmjd3 links inflammation to inhibition of polycomb-mediated gene silencing","volume":"130","author":"De Santa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.381706","article-title":"Genome-wide mapping of Polycomb target genes unravels their roles in cell fate transitions","volume":"20","author":"Bracken","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.02.010","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic regulators of pluripotency","volume":"128","author":"Surani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/450357a","article-title":"Reversing the \u2018irreversible'","volume":"450","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.09.026","article-title":"H3K27 demethylases, at long last","volume":"131","author":"Swigut","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05934","article-title":"Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"448","author":"Okita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05944","article-title":"In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state","volume":"448","author":"Wernig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/454711a","article-title":"Moving AHEAD with an international human epigenome project","volume":"454","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02625","article-title":"Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy","volume":"429","author":"Egger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022534708029935?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022534708029935?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jurology.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T01:36:36Z","timestamp":1651196196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jurology.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.145","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5347","1527-3792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5347","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-3792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}