{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:25:26Z","timestamp":1791127526746,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,24]],"date-time":"2009-09-24T10:55:04Z","timestamp":1253789704000},"page":"2232-2241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":265,"title":["Prostate Specific Antigen Best Practice Statement: 2009 Update"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Kirsten L.","family":"Greene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Albertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Babaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Ballentine","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Gann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misop","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah Ann","family":"Kuban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Oliver","family":"Sartor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Stanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Zietman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810084","article-title":"Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study","volume":"360","author":"Schroder","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib2","unstructured":"Ries LA, Melbert D, Krapcho M et al: SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975\u20132005. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute. http:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2005\/. Based on November 2007 SEER data submission posted to the SEER web site 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-007-9083-8","article-title":"Quantifying the role of PSA screening in the US prostate cancer mortality decline","volume":"19","author":"Etzioni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X07312719","article-title":"Impact of PSA screening on the incidence of advanced stage prostate cancer in the United States: a surveillance modeling approach","volume":"28","author":"Etzioni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043739","article-title":"Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer","volume":"352","author":"Bill-Axelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.22.2683","article-title":"Survival associated with treatment vs. observation of localized prostate cancer in elderly men","volume":"296","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810696","article-title":"Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial","volume":"360","author":"Andriole","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912093412401","article-title":"Immediate hormonal therapy compared with observation after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in men with node-positive prostate cancer","volume":"341","author":"Messing","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.271.5.368","article-title":"Pathological and clinical findings to predict tumor extent of nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostate cancer","volume":"271","author":"Epstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000169134.28610.66","article-title":"Preoperative prediction of small volume cancer (less than 0.5 ml) in radical prostatectomy specimens","volume":"174","author":"Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.11.057","article-title":"Validation of the contemporary Epstein criteria for insignificant prostate cancer in European men","volume":"54","author":"Jeldres","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032975","article-title":"Preoperative PSA velocity and the risk of death from prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy","volume":"351","author":"D'Amico","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20359","article-title":"Screening for prostate cancer without digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound: results after four years in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC), Rotterdam","volume":"66","author":"Gosselaar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000049051","article-title":"Prostate-specific antigen in hemodialysis patients and the influence of dialysis in its levels","volume":"90","author":"Tzanakis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1309\/JYBPMFNUF6EYY9TB","article-title":"Intermethod differences in results for total PSA, free PSA, and percentage of free PSA","volume":"129","author":"Slev","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm171","article-title":"Is prostate-specific antigen velocity useful in early detection of prostate cancer?","volume":"99","author":"Etzioni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.1.66","article-title":"Operating characteristics of prostate-specific antigen in men with an initial PSA level of 3.0 ng\/mL or lower","volume":"294","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.270.7.860","article-title":"Serum prostate-specific antigen in a community-based population of healthy men","volume":"270","author":"Oesterling","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.267.16.2215","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of prostate specific antigen levels in men with and without prostate disease","volume":"267","author":"Carter","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.09.063","article-title":"Age adjusted prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen velocity cut points in prostate cancer screening","volume":"177","author":"Moul","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj410","article-title":"Detection of life-threatening prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen velocity during a window of curability","volume":"98","author":"Carter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.1685","article-title":"Systematic review of pretreatment prostate-specific antigen velocity and doubling time as predictors for prostate cancer","volume":"27","author":"Vickers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.07.045","article-title":"Current age and race adjusted prostate specific antigen threshold values delay diagnosis of high grade prostate cancer","volume":"178","author":"Reed","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07501.x","article-title":"Is the utility of prostate-specific antigen velocity for prostate cancer detection affected by age?","volume":"101","author":"Loeb","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.19.1542","article-title":"Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic diseases","volume":"279","author":"Catalona","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01896-4","volume":"60","author":"Djavan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031918","article-title":"Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter","volume":"350","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.08.040","article-title":"Baseline prostate-specific antigen compared with median prostate-specific antigen for age group as predictor of prostate cancer risk in men younger than 60 years old","volume":"67","author":"Loeb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608013350502","article-title":"Age-specific reference ranges for prostate-specific antigen in black men","volume":"335","author":"Morgan","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(09)61568-8","article-title":"Further analyses from the REDUCE prostate cancer risk reduction trial","volume":"181","author":"Andriole","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol, suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030660","article-title":"The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer","volume":"349","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji248","article-title":"Prostate cancer and the Will Rogers phenomenon","volume":"97","author":"Albertsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.05.030","article-title":"Estimation of treatment benefits when PSA screening for prostate cancer is discontinued at different ages","volume":"66","author":"Ross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00008","article-title":"Screening for prostate cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"149","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00327-7","article-title":"Pathological characteristics of prostate cancer detected through prostate specific antigen based screening","volume":"175","author":"Loeb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000134888.22332.bb","article-title":"Cancer progression and survival rates following anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy in 3,478 consecutive patients: long-term results","volume":"172","author":"Roehl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07390.x","article-title":"Are pelvic computed tomography, bone scan, and pelvic lymphadenectomy necessary in the staging of prostatic cancer?","volume":"75","author":"Levran","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000173907.84852.ec","article-title":"The prostatic specific antigen era is alive and well: prostatic specific antigen and biochemical progression following radical prostatectomy","volume":"174","author":"Freedland","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000123981.03084.06","article-title":"Baseline staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer: a summary of the literature","volume":"171","author":"Abuzallouf","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpuro0245","article-title":"The role of lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer","volume":"2","author":"Burkhard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.06.059","article-title":"Adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer \u2013 a new standard?","volume":"54","author":"Ganswindt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.10.097","volume":"177","author":"Cookson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3973","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.0756","article-title":"Defining biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: a proposal for a standardized definition","volume":"24","author":"Stephenson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.08.056","article-title":"Multi-institutional analysis of long-term outcome for stages T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with permanent seed implantation","volume":"67","author":"Zelefsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000152556.53602.64","article-title":"Definitions of biochemical failure that best predict clinical failure in patients with prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation alone: a multi-institutional pooled analysis","volume":"173","author":"Horwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.05.026","article-title":"PSA kinetics provide improved prediction of survival in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer","volume":"72","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6556","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.20.966","article-title":"Prostate-specific antigen nadir and cancer-specific mortality following hormonal therapy for prostate-specific antigen failure","volume":"23","author":"Stewart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.23.2760","article-title":"Prostate cancer-specific survival following salvage radiotherapy vs. observation in men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy","volume":"299","author":"Trock","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.075","article-title":"Salvage radical prostatectomy: quality of life outcomes and long-term oncological control of radiorecurrent prostate cancer","volume":"176","author":"Sanderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.4.433","article-title":"Risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy","volume":"294","author":"Freedland","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg043","article-title":"Surrogate end point for prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy","volume":"95","author":"D'Amico","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"}],"container-title":["Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022534709019557?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022534709019557?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jurology.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T01:49:52Z","timestamp":1651196992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jurology.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5347","1527-3792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5347","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-3792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}