{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:23:09Z","timestamp":1792113789792,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T14:02:28Z","timestamp":1400594548000},"page":"337-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":443,"title":["Evaluation and Treatment of Cryptorchidism: AUA Guideline"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Kolon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.D. Anthony","family":"Herndon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence S.","family":"Baskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl G.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Earl Y.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireya","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Seashore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory E.","family":"Tasian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia S.","family":"Barthold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib1","first-page":"III","article-title":"The testicular descent in human. Origin, development and fate of the gubernaculum Hunteri, processus vaginalis peritonei, and gonadal ligaments","volume":"156","author":"Barteczko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63980-6","article-title":"Analysis of testicular migration during the fetal period in humans","volume":"159","author":"Sampaio","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00770.x","article-title":"The\u00a0frequency of undescended testis from birth to adulthood: a review","volume":"31","author":"Sijstermans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.1.44","article-title":"Prevalence and natural history of cryptorchidism","volume":"92","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.39.208.605","article-title":"The descent of the testis","volume":"39","author":"Scorer","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199503000-00007","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal risk factors for cryptorchidism","volume":"6","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib7","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Location and fate of the nonpalpable testis in children","volume":"129","author":"Smolko","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382008000300010","article-title":"Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of nonpalpable testis","volume":"34","author":"Denes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib9","unstructured":"Bright Futures\/American Academy of Pediatrics: Recommendations for preventative pediatric health care. 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)63986-9","article-title":"Testis histopathology in boys with cryptorchidism correlates with future fertility potential","volume":"169","author":"Rusnack","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.05.091","article-title":"Incidence of testicular ascent in boys with retractile testes","volume":"178","author":"Stec","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3820","article-title":"Referral to pediatric surgical specialists","volume":"133","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.7.892","article-title":"Cryptorchidism: a prospective study of 7500 consecutive male births, 1984-8","volume":"67","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.03.056","article-title":"Proximal hypospadias and risk of acquired cryptorchidism","volume":"184","author":"Tasian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64223-1","article-title":"The ascending testis and the testis undescended since birth share the same histopathology","volume":"168","author":"Rusnack","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.148","article-title":"Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"5","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1800","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of ultrasound in nonpalpable cryptorchidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Tasian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2005.01102.x","article-title":"Accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of non-palpable testis","volume":"12","author":"Kanemoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15998-9","article-title":"Difference in prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in infants between two Nordic countries","volume":"363","author":"Boisen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23292","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023292","article-title":"Clinical, biological and genetic analysis of anorchia in 26\u00a0boys","volume":"6","author":"Brauner","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2012.09.006","article-title":"Is surgical exploration necessary in bilateral anorchia?","volume":"9","author":"Teo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000095793.04232.d8","article-title":"The epidemiology of\u00a0congenital cryptorchidism, testicular ascent and orchiopexy","volume":"170","author":"Barthold","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00452871","article-title":"LH-RH treatment for cryptorchidism: randomized study and 10-year follow-up results","volume":"146","author":"Hocht","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00452866","article-title":"Therapeutic results in cryptorchidism after combination therapy with LH-RH nasal spray and hCG","volume":"146","author":"Waldschmidt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(05)80288-X","article-title":"Does hCG treatment induce inflammation-like changes in undescended testes in boys","volume":"28","author":"Hjertkvist","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02125434","article-title":"The results of 9 years of experience with a combined treatment with LH-RH and HCG for cryptorchidism","volume":"152 (suppl 2)","author":"Waldschmidt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02125433","article-title":"Combined therapy with LHRH and HCG in cryptorchid infants","volume":"152 (suppl 2)","author":"Lala","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67763-4","article-title":"Hormonal treatment may harm the germ cells in 1 to 3-year old cryptorchid boys","volume":"163","author":"Cortes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000153562.07287.77","article-title":"Neoadjuvant gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy before surgery may improve the fertility index in undescended testes: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"173","author":"Schwentner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib30","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Quantitative histology of germ cells in the undescended testes of human fetuses, neonates and infants","volume":"154","author":"Cortes","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib31","first-page":"452","article-title":"Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer: separating fact from fiction","volume":"181","author":"Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000050005","article-title":"Fertility after\u00a0unilateral cryptorchidism. Paternity, time to conception, pretreatment testicular location and size, hormone and sperm parameters","volume":"55","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67580-3","article-title":"Fertility index analysis in cryptorchidism","volume":"153","author":"McAleer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00181983","article-title":"Trans-scrotal orchidopexy: orchidopexy revised","volume":"4","author":"Bianchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.03.069","article-title":"Orchiopexy for intra-abdominal testes: factors predicting success","volume":"182","author":"Stec","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2001.00127.x","article-title":"A multi-institutional analysis of laparoscopic orchidopexy","volume":"87","author":"Baker","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2001.00100.x","article-title":"Laparoscopic orchidopexy: a review of a large clinical series","volume":"87","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000140989.49309.1e","article-title":"Successful outpatient management of the nonpalpable intra-abdominal testis with staged Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy","volume":"172","author":"Dhanani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2010.51.2.106","article-title":"Laparoscopic orchiopexy for a nonpalpable testis","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.04.010","article-title":"Laparoscopic orchiopexy for non-palpable testes: outcome of two echniques","volume":"7","author":"Moursy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00748.x","article-title":"Laparoscopy in the management of the impalpable undescended testis","volume":"85","author":"Humphrey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000090024.02762.3d","article-title":"Long-term outcome of laparoscopically managed nonpalpable testes","volume":"170","author":"Radmayr","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02724403","article-title":"Laparoscopy vs inguinal exploration for nonpalpable undescended testis","volume":"72","author":"Chandrasekharam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2010.0145","article-title":"Orchiopexy-laparoscopy or traditional surgical technique in patients with an undescended palpable testicle","volume":"21","author":"Escarcega-Fujigaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49009-4","article-title":"Orchiopexy: planned 2-stage technique","volume":"133","author":"Steinhardt","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67110-6","article-title":"Testicular autotransplantation: a 17-year review of an effective approach to the management of the intra-abdominal testis","volume":"154","author":"Bukowski","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib47","first-page":"919","article-title":"Cryptorchidism and tumorigenesis","volume":"63","author":"Johnson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00662.x","article-title":"Clinical, physical, sperm and hormonal data in 251 adults operated on for cryptorchidism in childhood","volume":"85","author":"Gracia","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.4.676","article-title":"Paternity after unilateral cryptorchidism: a controlled study","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64387-X","article-title":"A single testis: Paternity assessment after presentation as unilateral cryptorchidism","volume":"168","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022534714035319?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022534714035319?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jurology.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T16:21:40Z","timestamp":1716740500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jurology.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.005","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718415396.793558013","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-5347","1527-3792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5347","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-3792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}}}