{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:29:49Z","timestamp":1790803789040,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vaccine: X"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T02:11:55Z","timestamp":1653963115000},"page":"100172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vaccination policies for healthcare personnel: Current challenges and future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Helena C.","family":"Maltezou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Dounias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venerando","family":"Rapisarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Ledda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0005","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Global immunization, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/globalhealth\/immunization\/ [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles (Rubeola), https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/measles\/cases-outbreaks.html [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0015","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. COVID-19 vaccine tracker, https:\/\/vaccinetracker.ecdc.europa.eu\/public\/extensions\/COVID-19\/vaccine-tracker.html#target-group-tab [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.11.133","article-title":"Hepatitis A outbreak among MSM in Berlin due to low vaccination coverage: epidemiology, management, and successful interventions","volume":"103","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare4030047","article-title":"Immunization of health-care providers: necessity and public health policies","volume":"4","author":"Maltezou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.09.009","article-title":"Nosocomial pertussis in neonatal units","volume":"85","author":"Maltezou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.33.30597","article-title":"A nosocomial measles outbreak in Italy, February-April 2017","volume":"22","author":"Porretta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.03.097","article-title":"Healthcare providers as sources of vaccine-preventable diseases","volume":"32","author":"Sydnor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0045","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended vaccines for healthcare workers, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/adults\/rec-vac\/hcw.html [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.07.079","article-title":"Factors and considerations for establishing and improving seasonal influenza vaccination of health workers: report from a WHO meeting, January 16\u201317, Berlin","volume":"37","author":"Cherian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Germany Vaccine"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.023","article-title":"Preparing for the unpredictable: the continuing need for pandemic influenza preparedness","volume":"34","author":"Gellin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.09.061","article-title":"Vaccination of healthcare personnel in Europe: update to current policies","volume":"37","author":"Maltezou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0065","unstructured":"Popp W, Friedman C. Occupational health risk for healthcare workers. In: International Federation of Infection Control Basic Concepts of Infection Control, 3rd ed. https:\/\/www.theific.org\/education\/basic-concepts-book\/, 2016."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26239","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026239","article-title":"Incidence of influenza in healthy adults and healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Kuster","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.06.007","article-title":"Measles in healthcare workers during the ongoing epidemic in Greece, 2017\u20132018","volume":"100","author":"Maltezou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.08.016","article-title":"Analysis of a 3-months measles outbreak in western Liguria, Italy: are hospital safe and healthcare workers reliable?","volume":"13","author":"Orsi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00053-5","article-title":"Dangers of vaccine refusal near the herd immunity threshold: a modelling study","volume":"15","author":"Fefferman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0090","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Director-General\u2019s opening remarks at the World Health Assembly - 24 May 2021, https:\/\/www.who.int\/director-general\/speeches\/detail\/director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-world-health-assembly---24-may-2021 [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1159\/000104816","article-title":"Occupationally related outbreak of chickenpox in an intensive care unit","volume":"16","author":"Aly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.090198","article-title":"Effects of mumps outbreak in hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2006","volume":"16","author":"Bonebrake","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.09.009","article-title":"Temporal trend in the incidence of pertussis and exposures among healthcare workers: descriptive report from a tertiary care hospital for children in Singapore","volume":"91","author":"Chong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i3.488","article-title":"Hepatitis B in healthcare workers: transmission events and guidance for management","volume":"7","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1086\/502064","article-title":"A nosocomial and occupational cluster of hepatitis A virus infection in a pediatric ward","volume":"23","author":"Petrosillo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0584","article-title":"Epidemiology of tuberculosis among healthcare personnel in New York City","volume":"24","author":"Proops","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqu206","article-title":"Sharp truth: health care workers remain at risk of bloodborne infection","volume":"65","author":"Rice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4811-4814.2005","article-title":"Assessing the risk of laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease","volume":"43","author":"Sejvar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21672","article-title":"Institutional outbreak of rubella in a healthcare center in Chandigarh","volume":"82","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"North India J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-891","article-title":"Tuberculosis among health care workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"14","author":"Tudor","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0145","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard, https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/ [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4222-x","article-title":"Nosocomial transmission of chickenpox and varicella zoster virus seroprevalence rate amongst healthcare workers in a teaching hospital in China","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.05.070","article-title":"Vaccination of healthcare personnel: spotlight on groups with underlying conditions","volume":"32","author":"Wicker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.453","article-title":"Healthcare personnel absenteeism, presenteeism, and staffing challenges during epidemics","volume":"42","author":"Challener","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.10.024","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak of influenza A H3N2 in an inpatient oncology unit related to health care workers presenting to work while ill","volume":"47","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.04.008","article-title":"Working with influenza-like illness: presenteeism among US health care personnel during the 2014\u20132015 influenza season","volume":"45","author":"Chiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.91","article-title":"Working despite having influenza-like illness: results of an anonymous survey of healthcare providers who care for transplant recipients","volume":"38","author":"Mossad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.500","article-title":"Risk of influenza-like illness in an acute health care setting during community influenza epidemics in 2004\u20132005, 2005\u20132006, and 2006\u20132007: a prospective study","volume":"171","author":"Vanhems","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2014.53","article-title":"Combining high-resolution contact data with virological data to investigate influenza transmission in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"36","author":"Voirin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jinadatha C, Jones LD, Choi H, Chatterjee P, Hwang M, Redmond SN, et al. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in inpatient and outpatient settings in a Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8: ofab328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab328.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab328"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7017e2","article-title":"COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with a SARS-CoV-2 R.1 Lineage Variant in a Skilled Nursing Facility After Vaccination Program \u2014 Kentucky, March 2021","volume":"70","author":"Cavanaugh","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.25719","article-title":"Acute hepatitis A in an elderly patient after care worker travel to high endemicity country","volume":"9","author":"Aasheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0205","unstructured":"CDC. Hospital-acquired pertussis among newborns-Texas, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008; 57: 600\u20133."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1017\/S0195941700063347","article-title":"Readers:\u2019 Forum: Nosocomial rubella-consequences of an outbreak and efficacy of a mandatory immunization program","volume":"6","author":"Heseltine","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1086\/674858","article-title":"Healthcare-associated influenza in Canadian hospitals from 2006 to 2012","volume":"35","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1484284","article-title":"Influenza vaccine failure: failure to protect or failure to understand?","volume":"17","author":"Poland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Review Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1079677","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness among healthcare workers in comparison to hospitalized patients: a 2004\u20132009 case-test, negative-control, prospective study","volume":"12","author":"Vanhems","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0182510","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182510","article-title":"Estimation of sickness absenteeism among Italian healthcare workers during seasonal influenza epidemics","volume":"12","author":"Gianino","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0198685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198685","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the direct epidemiological and economic effects of seasonal influenza vaccination on healthcare workers","volume":"13","author":"Imai","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.10.054","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and absenteeism among healthcare personnel: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"39","author":"Maltezou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.04.018","article-title":"Costs associated with COVID-19 in healthcare personnel in Greece: a cost-of-illness analysis","volume":"114","author":"Maltezou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.019","article-title":"How close are countries of the WHO European Region to achieving the goal of vaccinating 75% of key risk groups against influenza? Results from national surveys on seasonal influenza vaccination programmes, 2008\/2009 to 2014\/2015","volume":"36","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.47","article-title":"Carrots and sticks: achieving high healthcare personnel influenza vaccination rates without a mandate","volume":"36","author":"Drees","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0765-7","article-title":"An effective strategy for influenza vaccination of healthcare workers in Australia: experience at a large health service without a mandatory policy","volume":"15","author":"Heinrich-Morrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1086\/673452","article-title":"A successful strategy for increasing the influenza vaccination rate of healthcare workers without a mandatory policy outside of the United States: a multifaceted intervention in a Japanese tertiary care center","volume":"34","author":"Honda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1552141","article-title":"Vaccination of healthcare workers: is mandatory vaccination needed?","volume":"18","author":"Maltezou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.33.30596","article-title":"Ongoing large measles outbreak with nosocomial transmission in Milan, northern Italy, March\u2013August 2017","volume":"22","author":"Amendola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30313","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.32.30313","article-title":"Different measles outbreaks in Belgium, January to June 2016 \u2013 a challenge for public health","volume":"21","author":"Grammens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ledda C, Rapisarda V, Maltezou HC, Contrino E, Conforto A, Maida CM, et al. Coverage rates against vaccine-preventable diseases among healthcare workers in Sicily (Italy). Eur J Public Health 2021; 31: 56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa179.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa179"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.01.020","article-title":"Ethical considerations in the uptake of influenza vaccination by healthcare workers","volume":"158","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6738a2","article-title":"Influenza vaccination coverage among health care personnel \u2014 United States, 2017\u201318 influenza season","volume":"67","author":"Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1086\/656558","article-title":"Revised SHEA position paper: influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel","volume":"31","author":"Talbot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0305","unstructured":"National Health System. Letter to chief executives of NHS trusts and foundation trusts, https:\/\/kingstonhospital.nhs.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Enc-Gi-Healthcare-Worker-Flu-Vaccination-Letter-1920-FINAL.pdf [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0310","unstructured":"New South Wales. Policy Directive. Occupational assessment, screening and vaccination against specified infectious diseases, https:\/\/www1.health.nsw.gov.au\/pds\/ActivePDSDocuments\/PD2020_017.pdf [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1266","article-title":"Expanding mandatory healthcare personnel immunization beyond influenza: impact of a broad immunization program with enhanced accountability","volume":"42","author":"Talbot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.02.011","article-title":"Implementation of mandatory immunisation of healthcare workers: observations from New South Wales, Australia","volume":"29","author":"Helms","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.024","article-title":"Association of increased influenza vaccination in health care workers with a reduction in nosocomial influenza infections in cancer patients","volume":"44","author":"Frenzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.9","article-title":"Protecting healthcare personnel in outpatient settings: the influence of mandatory versus nonmandatory influenza vaccination policies on workplace absenteeism during multiple respiratory virus seasons","volume":"39","author":"Frederick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.01.048","article-title":"Healthcare worker influenza immunization vaccinate or mask policy: strategies for cost effective implementation and subsequent reductions in staff absenteeism due to illness","volume":"33","author":"Van Buynder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/15265160701795809","article-title":"Mandating vaccination: what counts as a \u201cmandate\u201d in public health and when should they be used?","volume":"7","author":"Wynia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Bioeth"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1086\/656242","article-title":"Healthcare workers\u2019 perceptions of mandatory vaccination: results of an anonymous survey in a German university hospital","volume":"31","author":"Wicker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.022","article-title":"Impact of coronavirus syndromes on physical and mental health of health care workers: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"275","author":"Salazar de Pablo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-020-00299-5","article-title":"Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Shaukat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali S, Noreen S, Farooq I, Bugshan A, Vohra F. Risk assessment of healthcare workers at the frontline against COVID-19. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36(COVID19-S4): S99-103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2790.","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2790"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06171-9","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers\u2019 risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system","volume":"35","author":"Misra-Hebert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30164-X","article-title":"Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7149","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197149","article-title":"Epidemiology of and risk factors for COVID-19 infection among health care workers: a multi-centre comparative study","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng L, Wang X, Zhou C, Liu Q, Li S, Sun Q, et al. Analysis of the infection status of healthcare workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71: 2109\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa588.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa588"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah ASV, Wood R, Gribben C, Caldwell D, Bishop J, Weir A, et al. Risk of hospital admission with coronavirus disease 2019 in healthcare workers and their households: nationwide linkage cohort study. BMJ 2020; 371: m3582. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.m3582.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3582"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100373","article-title":"COVID-19 and healthcare worker\u2019s families: behind the scenes of frontline response","volume":"23","author":"Souadka","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maltezou HC, Dedoukou X, Tseroni M, Tsonou P, Raftopoulos V, Papadima K, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare personnel with high-risk occupational exposure: evaluation of 7-day exclusion from work policy. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71: 3182\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa888.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa888"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0400","first-page":"100144","article-title":"The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review. Brain Behav Immun","volume":"8","author":"Cabarkapa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113382","article-title":"Prevalence of psychological morbidities among general population, healthcare workers and COVID-19 patients amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"293","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020950772","article-title":"The psychological impact of COVID-19 on \u2018hidden\u2019 frontline healthcare workers","volume":"67","author":"Teo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00671-y","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19","volume":"35","author":"Dror","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.11.020","article-title":"Intention to get vaccinations against COVID-19 in French healthcare workers during the first pandemic wave: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"108","author":"Gagneux-Brunon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00381","article-title":"Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine in Southeast Asia: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia","volume":"8","author":"Harapan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052703","article-title":"Attitudes of healthcare personnel towards vaccinations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Ledda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2021.03.002","article-title":"Determinants of intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 among healthcare personnel in hospitals in Greece","volume":"26","author":"Maltezou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00012-8","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France: a survey experiment based on vaccine characteristics","volume":"6","author":"Schwarzinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-021-00984-3","article-title":"The nature and extent of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in healthcare workers","volume":"46","author":"Biswas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.10.008","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination coverage among hospital-based healthcare personnel reported through the Department of Health and Human Services Unified Hospital Data Surveillance System, United States, January 20, 2021-September 15, 2021","volume":"49","author":"Reses","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0455","unstructured":"CBC News, 2021. Ontario announces mandatory vaccine plans for health, education workers; 3rd doses for some, https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/toronto\/ontario-covid-vaccines-requirement-health-care-education-1.6143378 [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0460","article-title":"Covid-19: Italy makes vaccination mandatory for healthcare workers","volume":"373","author":"Paterlini","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0465","article-title":"Covid-19: The countries that have mandatory vaccination for health workers","volume":"373","author":"Stokel-Walker","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0470","article-title":"Covid-19: France and Greece make vaccination mandatory for healthcare workers","volume":"374","author":"Wise","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.8901","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination of health care personnel as a condition of employment: a logical addition to institutional safety programs","volume":"326","author":"Talbot","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0480","unstructured":"Queensland Government. Workers in a healthcare setting (COVID-19 Vaccination Requirements) Direction (No. 3), https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/system-governance\/legislation\/cho-public-health-directions-under-expanded-public-health-act-powers\/workers-in-healthcare-setting [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9090966","article-title":"Compulsory vaccination for healthcare workers in Italy for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"9","author":"Frati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0490","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first COVID-19 vaccine, https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-first-covid-19-vaccine [accessed 10 February 2022]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0495","series-title":"Principles of biomedical ethics","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2021.06.301","article-title":"Are the conditions met to make COVID-19 vaccination mandatory for healthcare professionals?","volume":"51","author":"Gagneux-Brunon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Now"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16878","article-title":"Ethical review of COVID-19 vaccination requirements for transplant center staff and patients","volume":"22","author":"Kates","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"}],"container-title":["Vaccine: X"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590136222000328?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590136222000328?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T02:06:00Z","timestamp":1762913160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590136222000328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":101,"alternative-id":["S2590136222000328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vaccination policies for healthcare personnel: Current challenges and future perspectives","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vaccine: X","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvacx.2022.100172","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100172"}}