{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:50:41Z","timestamp":1777956641998,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,3]],"date-time":"2027-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1806710400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":367,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH2120047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2120047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","valueinhealthjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Value in Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:31:50Z","timestamp":1770769910000},"page":"575-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Patient-Level Simulation Tool to Inform Data-Driven Pain Treatment Decisions and Policy in the US Military Health System"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Krista B.","family":"Highland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janiece L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keri F.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher Ryan","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Hasty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julee A.","family":"Rendon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549718776765","article-title":"Modeling and simulation framework for value-based healthcare systems","volume":"95","author":"Traor\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib2","series-title":"Modeling and Simulation in the Context of Health Technology Assessment: Review of Existing Guidance, Future Research Needs, and Validity Assessment","article-title":"AHRQ methods for effective health care","author":"Dahabreh","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-021-09548-2","article-title":"Balancing scarce hospital resources during the COVID-19 pandemic using discrete-event simulation","volume":"24","author":"Melman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-017-9401-y","article-title":"Modeling the critical care pathway for cardiothoracic surgery","volume":"21","author":"Bahou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-023-09648-1","article-title":"Managing surgical waiting lists through dynamic priority scoring","volume":"26","author":"Powers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad018","article-title":"Simulation of alcohol control policies for health equity (SIMAH) project: study design and first results","volume":"192","author":"Probst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116786","article-title":"Using simulation modelling to transform hospital planning and management to address health inequalities","volume":"347","author":"Demir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-017-9402-x","article-title":"Performance and cost evaluation of health information systems using micro-costing and discrete-event simulation","volume":"21","author":"Rejeb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.01.008","article-title":"Discrete event simulation to incorporate infusion wait-time when assessing cost-effectiveness of a chimeric-antigen receptor T cell therapy","volume":"27","author":"Gye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib10","article-title":"Modelling patient flows and resource use within a sexual health clinic through discrete event simulation to inform service redesign","volume":"10","author":"Syed","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29286-5","article-title":"Development and validation of a decision model for the evaluation of novel lung cancer treatments in the Netherlands","volume":"13","author":"Mfumbilwa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.5543","article-title":"How can big data analytics support people-centred and Integrated Health Services: a scoping review","volume":"22","author":"Schulte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Integr Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib13","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Using simulation modeling to inform policy makers for planning physician workforce in healthcare system in Croatia","volume":"264","author":"Reli\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib14","first-page":"Doc12","article-title":"Causal evidence in health decision making: methodological approaches of causal inference and health decision science","volume":"20","author":"K\u00fchne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ger Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.06.043","article-title":"Facets of trust in simulation studies","volume":"289","author":"Harper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02540-4","article-title":"Credible practice of modeling and simulation in healthcare: ten rules from a multidisciplinary perspective","volume":"18","author":"Erdemir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e330","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usx200","article-title":"Prevalence of pain diagnoses and burden of pain among active duty soldiers, FY2012","volume":"183","author":"Reif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06536-8","article-title":"Predictors of Veterans Health Administration utilization and pain persistence among soldiers treated for postdeployment chronic pain in the Military Health System","volume":"21","author":"Adams","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05450-4","article-title":"Nonpharmacological treatment of army service members with chronic pain is associated with fewer adverse outcomes after transition to the Veterans Health Administration","volume":"35","author":"Meerwijk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2017.0290","article-title":"Associations of early treatments for low-back pain with military readiness outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Larson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib21","series-title":"Pain Management and Opioid Safety in the Military Health System (MHS)","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.01.005","article-title":"Reporting quality of discrete event simulations in healthcare\u2014results from a generic reporting checklist","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1011104","article-title":"Modeling disease progression and treatment pathways for depression jointly using agent based modeling and system dynamics","volume":"10","author":"Brice","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-021-09556-2","article-title":"Patients, primary care, and policy: agent-based simulation modeling for health care decision support","volume":"24","author":"Comis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4627-7","article-title":"Mathematical modelling for health systems research: a systematic review of system dynamics and agent-based models","volume":"19","author":"Cassidy","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/17477778.2023.2232768","article-title":"Learning from simulating with system dynamics in healthcare: evaluating closer care strategies for elderly patients","volume":"17","author":"Linn\u00e9usson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Simul"},{"issue":"465","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000000269","article-title":"Methods and criteria for model selection","volume":"99","author":"Kadane","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib29","series-title":"An Introduction to Statistical Learning: With Applications in R","author":"James","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib30","series-title":"DOD Should Monitor Implementation of Its Clinical Practice Guidelines","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e649","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usab245","article-title":"Implementation of direct access physical therapy within the military medical system","volume":"187","author":"Szymanek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib32","series-title":"Military Installations: DOD Should Consider Various Support Services When Designating Sites as Remote or Isolated","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib33","series-title":"Management Advisory: Concerns With Access to Care and Staffing Shortages in the Military Health System","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib34","article-title":"Discrete event simulation for emergency department modelling: a systematic review of validation methods","volume":"33","author":"Doudareva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oper Res Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2024.102983","article-title":"A simulation-based approach for decision-support in healthcare processes","volume":"136","author":"Ruiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Simul Modell Pract Theor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib36","series-title":"Proceedings of The Winter Simulation Conference","article-title":"Model verification and validation","author":"Carson","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib37","series-title":"Proceedings of the 39th Conference on Winter Simulation: 40 Years! The Best is Yet to Come","first-page":"124","article-title":"Verification and validation of simulation models","author":"Sargent","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-024-01106-w","article-title":"Patient Engagement in Research Partners, Schultz ASH. Future directions for patient engagement in research: a participatory workshop with Canadian patient partners and academic researchers","volume":"22","author":"Chudyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00343","article-title":"A journey in capacity building: revisiting the Mullins framework for meaningfully engaging patients in patient centered outcomes research","volume":"6","author":"Powell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2021-0043","article-title":"What works when: mapping patient and stakeholder engagement methods along the ten-step continuum framework","volume":"10","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Comp Eff Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10098-2","article-title":"Exploring patient perspectives on how they can and should be engaged in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in health care","volume":"23","author":"Adus","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["Value in Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1098301526000513?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1098301526000513?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:24:54Z","timestamp":1777951494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1098301526000513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1098301526000513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-3015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-3015","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Patient-Level Simulation Tool to Inform Data-Driven Pain Treatment Decisions and Policy in the US Military Health System","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Value in Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}