{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:17:47Z","timestamp":1783131467627,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72174142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72174142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72474153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72474153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","valueinhealthjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Value in Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T08:32:00Z","timestamp":1775896320000},"page":"986-995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Social Distribution of Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy Among Social Deprivation Subgroups in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peisong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Cookson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.03.023","article-title":"Defining health and health inequalities","volume":"172","author":"McCartney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e867","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00211-5","article-title":"Harnessing the opportunity to achieve health equity in China","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.01.004","article-title":"Using a survey to estimate health expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy to assess inequalities in health and quality of life","volume":"16","author":"Collins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2015.03.1784","article-title":"The social distribution of health: estimating quality-adjusted life expectancy in England","volume":"18","author":"Love-Koh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1017\/S1744133112000096","article-title":"NICE\u2019s social value judgements about equity in health and health care","volume":"8","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Econ Policy Law"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-021-01094-7","article-title":"Incorporating equity concerns in cost-effectiveness analyses: a systematic literature review","volume":"40","author":"Ward","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2021.1954505","article-title":"Incorporating health inequality impact into economic evaluation in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.05.002","article-title":"Estimating the lifetime costs and benefits of the incredible years teacher classroom management intervention using data from 30 months follow-up of the supporting teachers and children in schools trial","volume":"28","author":"Bates","year":"2025","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"10345","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00876-5","article-title":"Life expectancy by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2000-19: a systematic analysis of health disparities","volume":"400","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10469","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01495-8","article-title":"Ten Americas: a systematic analysis of life expectancy disparities in the USA","volume":"404","author":"Dwyer-Lindgren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.10.001","article-title":"Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis: quantifying health equity impacts and trade-offs","volume":"24","author":"Cookson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.10.001","article-title":"Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis comes of age","volume":"24","author":"Cookson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2022.06.011","article-title":"Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis of health technologies: data requirements and challenges","volume":"26","author":"Meunier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.09.012","article-title":"Primer on health equity research in health economics and outcomes research: an ISPOR Special Interest Group report","volume":"28","author":"Griffiths","year":"2025","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2025.01.012","article-title":"Role of health equity in health technology assessment processes: a landscape analysis of 13 health systems in Asia","volume":"28","author":"Patikorn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2023.06.015","article-title":"Estimating the US baseline distribution of health inequalities across race, ethnicity, and geography for equity-informative cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"26","author":"Kowal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2025.02.016","article-title":"Quality-adjusted life expectancy by socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness area: population norms for Australia","volume":"28","author":"Rodda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.0709","article-title":"How other countries use deprivation indices-and why the United States desperately needs one","volume":"35","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1068\/a37168","article-title":"Measuring multiple deprivation at the small-area level","volume":"38","author":"Noble","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Plan Econ Space"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib20","first-page":"24","article-title":"A social vulnerability index for disaster management","volume":"8","author":"Flanagan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Homeland Secur Emerg Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s12061-022-09486-8","article-title":"Deprivation in England, 1971-2020","volume":"16","author":"Lloyd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Spat Anal Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-023-01264-9","article-title":"Decomposition of quality-adjusted life expectancy inequalities by mortality and health-related quality of life dimensions","volume":"41","author":"Love-Koh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2016.06.010","article-title":"Neighborhood housing deprivation and public health: theoretical linkage, empirical evidence, and implications for urban planning","volume":"57","author":"Wan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Habitat Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01955","article-title":"Higher socioeconomic status predicts less risk of depression in adolescence: serial mediating roles of social support and optimism","volume":"11","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa204","article-title":"Prevalence and associated socioeconomic factors of multimorbidity in 10 regions of China: an analysis of 0.5 million adults","volume":"44","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihac052","article-title":"Social inequalities in all-cause mortality among adults with multimorbidity: a 10-year prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults","volume":"15","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1442560","article-title":"Relationship between urban green space and mental health in older adults: mediating role of relative deprivation, physical activity, and social trust","volume":"12","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042146","article-title":"Social determinants of diabetes-related preventable hospitalization in Taiwan: a spatial analysis","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01545-9","article-title":"Measuring health-related social deprivation in small areas: development of an index and examination of its association with cancer mortality","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16552-4","article-title":"Spatio-temporal pattern and associate factors of intestinal infectious diseases in Zhejiang Province, China, 2008-2021: a Bayesian modeling study","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1271469","article-title":"Life expectancy inequalities between regions of China 2004-2020: contribution of age- and cause-specific mortality","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8420-7","article-title":"Age-standardized mortality, disability-adjusted life-years and healthy life expectancy in different cultural regions of Guangdong, China: a population-based study of 2005-2015","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v9.32261","article-title":"Gender and ethnic health disparities among the elderly in rural Guangxi, China: estimating quality-adjusted life expectancy","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2025.07.012","article-title":"Development of the county-level social deprivation index 2020 and its association with health outcomes in China","volume":"28","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/0032472042000272348","article-title":"China\u2019s missing children: the 2000 census underreporting surprise","volume":"58","author":"Goodkind","year":"2004","journal-title":"Popul Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2013.00608.x","article-title":"China\u2019s new demographic reality: learning from the 2010 census","volume":"39","author":"Cai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Popul Dev Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib38","first-page":"49","article-title":"Variations in the patterns of mortality underreporting in China and its subregions since the fifth census (in Chinese)","volume":"47","author":"Ting Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Popul J"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912371","article-title":"Prediction of China\u2019s population mortality under limited data","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s42379-023-00142-3","article-title":"Family identification of China\u2019s mortality patterns and deviation analysis with model life tables","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"China Popul Dev Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.11.011","article-title":"A multilevel approach to modeling health inequalities at the intersection of multiple social identities","volume":"203","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208624","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in body mass index in Spain: an intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy","volume":"13","author":"Hernandez-Yumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib44","series-title":"China Statistical Yearbook (County-Level)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib45","series-title":"Department of Urban Socio-economic Survey National Bureau of Statistics. China City Statistical Yearbook","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib46","series-title":"Mortality Surveillance Dataset in China. 2021","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.53388\/202219","article-title":"Study protocol: a cross-sectional study on psychology and behavior investigation of Chinese residents, PBICR","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychosom Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib48","article-title":"The estimation of the mortality level with the seventh China population census","author":"Ting","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Popul Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib49","series-title":"China Health Statistics Yearbook 2022","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-013-0232-2","article-title":"Extending the Lee-carter method to model the rotation of age patterns of mortality decline for long-term projections","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.11.016","article-title":"Estimating an EQ-5D-5L value set for China","volume":"20","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.08001","article-title":"Population norms for the EQ-5D-3L in China derived from the 2013 National Health Services Survey","volume":"11","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.04.014","article-title":"EQ-5D-5L population norms for China derived from a national health survey","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.06.012","article-title":"EQ-5D-5L population scores in Mainland China: results from a nationally representative survey 2021","volume":"27","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-022-00715-2","article-title":"Population norms for SF-6Dv2 and EQ-5D-5L in China","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-017-0624-9","article-title":"Decomposing the causes of socioeconomic-related health inequality among urban and rural populations in China: a new decomposition approach","volume":"16","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v022.i10","article-title":"demogR: A package for the construction and analysis of age-structured demographic models inR","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2307\/4594169","article-title":"A single index of mortality and morbidity","volume":"86","author":"Sullivan","year":"1971","journal-title":"HSMHA Health Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00909-3","article-title":"International valuation protocol for the EQ-5D-Y-3L","volume":"38","author":"Ramos-Goni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib60","article-title":"Research on social and economic factors influencing regional mortality patterns in China","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib61","series-title":"Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences","first-page":"105","article-title":"BJS Chapter 8 - Stratification and Inequality Over the Life Course","author":"Lynch","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1017\/S1748499520000135","article-title":"Healthy life expectancy in China: modelling and implications for public and private insurance","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Actuarial Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-024-02283-4","article-title":"Evolving trends, regional differences, determinants, and disease sources of provincial-level health inequalities in china 1990-2019: a temporal convergence and novel triple decomposition analysis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01972-w","article-title":"The socioeconomic distribution of life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in Chile","volume":"22","author":"Espinoza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200624070-00003","article-title":"Developing health-related quality-of-life instruments for use in Asia: the issues","volume":"24","author":"Cheung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-020-00212-z","article-title":"Do rural residents in China understand EQ-5D-5L as intended? Evidence from a qualitative study","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacoecon Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.02.018","article-title":"The ceiling effects of EQ-5D-3L and 5L in general population health surveys: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.11.040","article-title":"Healthy migrant and salmon bias hypotheses: a study of health and internal migration in China","volume":"102","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01379-6","article-title":"Equitable allocation of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Schmidt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Value in Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S109830152602379X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S109830152602379X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:29:23Z","timestamp":1783128563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S109830152602379X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S109830152602379X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-3015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-3015","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Social Distribution of Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy Among Social Deprivation Subgroups in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Value in Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2237","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}