{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:03:18Z","timestamp":1790301798920,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","valueinhealthjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Value in Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:31:45Z","timestamp":1777581105000},"page":"1626-1635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Carbon Emission Impact of Semaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the United Kingdom Using an Innovative Modeling Approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Niels","family":"Lund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Rasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barrie","family":"Chubb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loveleen","family":"Taneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anamaria-Vera","family":"Olivieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuvraj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3447","article-title":"Carbon footprint modelling of national health systems: opportunities, challenges and recommendations","volume":"37","author":"Booth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e993","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00258-3","article-title":"Incorporating carbon into health care: adding carbon emissions to health technology assessments","volume":"6","author":"McAlister","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15326","article-title":"Estimation of the direct health and indirect societal costs of diabetes in the UK using a cost of illness model","volume":"41","author":"Hex","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03698.x","article-title":"Estimating the current and future costs of Type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the UK, including direct health costs and indirect societal and productivity costs","volume":"29","author":"Hex","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-078464","article-title":"Carbon footprint of healthcare systems: a systematic review of evidence and methods","volume":"14","author":"Keil","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-001017","article-title":"Effective diabetes complication management is a step toward a carbon-efficient planet: an economic modeling study","volume":"8","author":"Fordham","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02500-y","article-title":"Updated evidence on cardiovascular and renal effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and combination therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors and finerenone: a narrative review and perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Sawami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05787-2","article-title":"Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"65","author":"Davies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib13","first-page":"S239","article-title":"11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib14","first-page":"S181","article-title":"9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102511","article-title":"Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of safety and efficacy outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Zaazouee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01520-3","article-title":"Glycemic control, weight management, cardiovascular safety, and cost-effectiveness of semaglutide for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a rapid review and meta-analysis of real-world studies","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-2241","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of semaglutide compared with other glucose-lowering medications in treating type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2025.11.007","article-title":"Exploring methods to include carbon emissions into an HTA: the case of remote patient monitoring","volume":"29","author":"Kingma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.01.019","article-title":"Implications of incorporating environmental sustainability into HTA for digital health technologies","volume":"29","author":"Di Bidino","year":"2026","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib22","first-page":"S5","article-title":"The CORE Diabetes Model: projecting long-term clinical outcomes, costs and costeffectiveness of interventions in diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2) to support clinical and reimbursement decision-making","volume":"20","author":"Palmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib23","first-page":"S27","article-title":"Validation of the CORE Diabetes Model against epidemiological and clinical studies","volume":"20","author":"Palmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.07.007","article-title":"Validation of the IMS CORE diabetes model","volume":"17","author":"McEwan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S003","article-title":"3. Prevention or delay of diabetes and associated comorbidities: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30092-X","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin, thiazolidinediones, or both, in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 2): a 56-week, double-blind, phase 3a, randomised trial","volume":"5","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6580","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b05473","article-title":"Cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas emissions for twenty anesthetic active pharmaceutical ingredients based on process scale-up and process design calculations","volume":"7","author":"Parvatker","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.13294","article-title":"Carbon footprinting for hospital care pathways based on routine diagnosis-related group (DRG) accounting data in Germany: an application to acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ind Ecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq150","article-title":"The carbon footprint of a renal service in the United Kingdom","volume":"103","author":"Connor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.9","article-title":"The carbon footprint of cataract surgery","volume":"27","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12647","article-title":"The impact of diabetes-related complications on healthcare costs: new results from the UKPDS (UKPDS 84)","volume":"32","author":"Alva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0054-0","article-title":"What is the impact of chronic kidney disease stage and cardiovascular disease on the annual cost of hospital care in moderate-to-severe kidney disease?","volume":"16","author":"Kent","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12250","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of insulin degludec compared with insulin glargine for patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin\u2013from the UK health care cost perspective","volume":"16","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2023.2240957","article-title":"Calibration of the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model to the stroke outcomes from the SUSTAIN 6 cardiovascular outcomes trial of once-weekly semaglutide","volume":"26","author":"Berry","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa364","article-title":"Clinical events and patient-reported outcome measures during CKD progression: findings from the chronic renal insufficiency Cohort Study","volume":"36","author":"Grams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(24)00281-X","article-title":"The potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through disease prevention: a secondary analysis of data from the CREDENCE trial","volume":"8","author":"Talbot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2023-112707","article-title":"Clinician and health service interventions to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions generated by healthcare: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Pickles","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Evid-Based Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2024.105053","article-title":"The role of the health sector in tackling climate change: a narrative review","volume":"143","author":"Or","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.23.290464","article-title":"Effectiveness of greenhouse gas mitigation intervention for health-care systems: a systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Blom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib59","first-page":"147","article-title":"Sustainability in diabetes care: building an environment for change","volume":"24","author":"Puttanna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462316000581","article-title":"Incorporating environmental outcomes into a health economic model","volume":"32","author":"Marsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-024-00434-x","article-title":"Supporting decarbonization of health systems\u2014a review of international policy and practice on health care and climate change","volume":"11","author":"Hough","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2023.2248389","article-title":"How can environmental impacts be incorporated in health technology assessment, and how impactful would this be?","volume":"23","author":"Walpole","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462323000041","article-title":"Environmental impact assessment in health technology assessment: principles, approaches, and challenges","volume":"39","author":"Toolan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4949","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064949","article-title":"Main challenges of incorporating environmental impacts in the economic evaluation of health technology assessment: a scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Guirado-Fuentes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.02.019","article-title":"Methods to include environmental impacts in health economic evaluations and health technology assessments: a scoping review","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2024","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-025-00984-7","article-title":"Health technology assessment and environmental impact: a scoping review of state of art and future perspective","volume":"23","author":"Antonazzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249_bib68","series-title":"The macroeconomic impact of climate change: global vs. local temperature","author":"Bilal","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Value in Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1098301526023971?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1098301526023971?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:17:14Z","timestamp":1788668234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1098301526023971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1098301526023971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-3015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-3015","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessment of Carbon Emission Impact of Semaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the United Kingdom Using an Innovative Modeling Approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Value in Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2026.03.2249","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}