{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T02:26:56Z","timestamp":1776047216317,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Virus Eradication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T16:16:54Z","timestamp":1685636214000},"page":"100329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antigen specificities of HIV-infected cells: A role in infection and persistence?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Clayton","family":"Faua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Fafi-Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3984-883X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Gantner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.3.1160-1168.2004","article-title":"T-cell subsets that harbor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vivo: implications for HIV pathogenesis","volume":"78","author":"Brenchley","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1972","article-title":"HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation","volume":"15","author":"Chomont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4113","article-title":"PD-1(+) and follicular helper T cells are responsible for persistent HIV-1 transcription in treated aviremic individuals","volume":"22","author":"Banga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005761","article-title":"CD4+ T cells expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 contribute to HIV persistence during ART","volume":"12","author":"Fromentin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001309","article-title":"HIV persists in CCR6+CD4+ T cells from colon and blood during antiretroviral therapy","volume":"31","author":"Gosselin","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007619","article-title":"Single-cell characterization and quantification of translation-competent viral reservoirs in treated and untreated HIV infection","volume":"15","author":"Pardons","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4156","article-title":"Defective proviruses rapidly accumulate during acute HIV-1 infection","volume":"22","author":"Bruner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.09.081","article-title":"Identification of genetically intact HIV-1 proviruses in specific CD4(+) T cells from effectively treated participants","volume":"21","author":"Hiener","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256304","article-title":"HIV latency. Proliferation of cells with HIV integrated into cancer genes contributes to persistent infection","volume":"345","author":"Wagner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93289","article-title":"Clonal expansion of genome-intact HIV-1 in functionally polarized Th1 CD4+ T cells","volume":"127","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124291","article-title":"Intact HIV-1 proviruses accumulate at distinct chromosomal positions during prolonged antiretroviral therapy","volume":"129","author":"Einkauf","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24080-1","article-title":"In-depth single-cell analysis of translation-competent HIV-1 reservoirs identifies cellular sources of plasma viremia","volume":"12","author":"Cole","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/nm880","article-title":"Long-term follow-up studies confirm the stability of the latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T cells","volume":"9","author":"Siliciano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.07.015","article-title":"Single-cell characterization of viral translation-competent reservoirs in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"20","author":"Baxter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aap9927","article-title":"HIV latency in isolated patient CD4(+) T cells may be due to blocks in HIV transcriptional elongation, completion, and splicing","volume":"10","author":"Yukl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109643","article-title":"Combined single-cell transcriptional, translational, and genomic profiling reveals HIV-1 reservoir diversity","volume":"36","author":"Sannier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0498-421","article-title":"Antigenic stimulation by BCG vaccine as an in vivo driving force for SIV replication and dissemination","volume":"4","author":"Cheynier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/417095a","article-title":"HIV preferentially infects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells","volume":"417","author":"Douek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200209060-00006","article-title":"In patients on prolonged HAART, a significant pool of HIV infected CD4 T cells are HIV-specific","volume":"16","author":"Demoustier","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11231","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11231-11238.2005","article-title":"Antigenic stimulation specifically reactivates the replication of archived simian immunodeficiency virus genomes in chronically infected macaques","volume":"79","author":"Renoux","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000646","article-title":"Autocrine production of beta-chemokines protects CMV-Specific CD4 T cells from HIV infection","volume":"5","author":"Casazza","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100090","article-title":"Preferential infection and depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells after HIV-1 infection","volume":"207","author":"Geldmacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0115","article-title":"Short communication: HIV type 1 accumulates in influenza-specific T cells in subjects receiving seasonal vaccination in the context of effective antiretroviral therapy","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-446278","article-title":"Distinct gene-expression profiles associated with the susceptibility of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells to HIV-1 infection","volume":"121","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001201","article-title":"Standard vaccines increase HIV-1 transcription during antiretroviral therapy","volume":"30","author":"Yek","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix265","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 persistence following systemic chemotherapy for malignancy","volume":"216","author":"Henrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.03.077","article-title":"Type 1-programmed dendritic cells drive antigen-specific latency reversal and immune elimination of persistent HIV-1","volume":"43","author":"Kristoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0235","article-title":"HIV-1 DNA is maintained in antigen-specific CD4+ T cell subsets in patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy regardless of recurrent antigen exposure","volume":"35","author":"Hey-Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200051","article-title":"Antigen-responsive CD4+ T cell clones contribute to the HIV-1 latent reservoir","volume":"217","author":"Mendoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17898-8","article-title":"Single-cell TCR sequencing reveals phenotypically diverse clonally expanded cells harboring inducible HIV proviruses during ART","volume":"11","author":"Gantner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI145254","article-title":"Antigen-driven clonal selection shapes the persistence of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells in vivo","volume":"131","author":"Simonetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001436","article-title":"RALDH activity induced by bacterial\/fungal pathogens in CD16(+) monocyte-derived dendritic cells boosts HIV infection and outgrowth in CD4(+) T cells","volume":"206","author":"Cattin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.01.030","article-title":"HIV rapidly targets a diverse pool of CD4+ T cells to establish productive and latent infections","volume":"56","author":"Gantner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw5589","article-title":"The replication-competent HIV-1 latent reservoir is primarily established near the time of therapy initiation","volume":"11","author":"Abrahams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008378","article-title":"HIV-1 variants are archived throughout infection and persist in the reservoir","volume":"16","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2120326119","article-title":"Complex decay dynamics of HIV virions, intact and defective proviruses, and 2LTR circles following initiation of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"119","author":"White","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.01.016","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy reveals triphasic decay of intact SIV genomes and persistence of ancestral variants","volume":"31","author":"Fray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/373117a0","article-title":"Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection","volume":"373","author":"Wei","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5255.1582","article-title":"HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time","volume":"271","author":"Perelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1295-1284","article-title":"In vivo fate of HIV-1-infected T cells: quantitative analysis of the transition to stable latency","volume":"1","author":"Chun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/387183a0","article-title":"Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs and total body viral load in HIV-1 infection","volume":"387","author":"Chun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13193","article-title":"Presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir during highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"94","author":"Chun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1295","article-title":"Identification of a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"278","author":"Finzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1291","article-title":"Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia","volume":"278","author":"Wong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/8394","article-title":"Latent infection of CD4+ T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy","volume":"5","author":"Finzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav3491","article-title":"Abundant HIV-infected cells in blood and tissues are rapidly cleared upon ART initiation during acute HIV infection","volume":"12","author":"Leyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.020","article-title":"HIV-1 integration landscape during latent and active infection","volume":"160","author":"Cohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib48","first-page":"E2575","article-title":"Expanded cellular clones carrying replication-competent HIV-1 persist, wax, and wane","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.01.030","article-title":"HIV rapidly targets a diverse pool of CD4(+) T cells to establish productive and latent infections","author":"Gantner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890240405","article-title":"Seroepidemiologic studies on the acquisition of antibodies to cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus among general hospital patients and those attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"24","author":"Berry","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199810000-00006","article-title":"Incidence and sexual risk factors of cytomegalovirus seroconversion in HIV-infected subjects. The SEROCO Study Group","volume":"25","author":"Robain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.128","article-title":"Pathogenesis of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection","volume":"16","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009141","article-title":"Integration in oncogenes plays only a minor role in determining the in vivo distribution of HIV integration sites before or during suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"17","author":"Coffin","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1437","article-title":"Incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza among HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected individuals in two districts of Ghana, 2014 to 2016","volume":"105","author":"Balachandran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1086\/519165","article-title":"Predictors of influenza vaccination in HIV-infected patients in the United States, 1990-2002","volume":"196","author":"Gallagher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/381667a0","article-title":"HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5","volume":"381","author":"Dragic","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28130-0","article-title":"Low CCR5 expression protects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells of elite controllers from viral entry","volume":"13","author":"Claireaux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002503","article-title":"Mapping the extent of heterogeneity of human CCR5+ CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes","volume":"34","author":"Zaunders","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.1.129","article-title":"Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic responsiveness of type 1 T helper cells (Th1s) and Th2s","volume":"187","author":"Bonecchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/34814","article-title":"CCR5 is characteristic of Th1 lymphocytes","volume":"391","author":"Loetscher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903058","article-title":"Peripheral blood CCR4+CCR6+ and CXCR3+CCR6+CD4+ T cells are highly permissive to HIV-1 infection","volume":"184","author":"Gosselin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6032","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101836","article-title":"Characterization of a human cervical CD4+ T cell subset coexpressing multiple markers of HIV susceptibility","volume":"187","author":"McKinnon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00430-17","article-title":"Follicular regulatory T cells are highly permissive to R5-tropic HIV-1","volume":"91","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121932","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells serve as the major CD4 T cell compartment for HIV-1 infection, replication, and production","volume":"210","author":"Perreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140978","article-title":"HIV-infected spleens present altered follicular helper T cell (tfh) subsets and skewed B cell maturation","volume":"10","author":"Colineau","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/44385","article-title":"Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions","volume":"401","author":"Sallusto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1972","article-title":"HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation","volume":"15","author":"Chomont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix514","article-title":"Single-cell tracking reveals a role for pre-existing CCR5+ memory Th1 cells in the control of rhinovirus-A39 after experimental challenge in humans","volume":"217","author":"Muehling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000519241","article-title":"Updating on roles of HIV intrinsic factors: a review of their antiviral mechanisms and emerging functions","volume":"65","author":"Hadpech","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02343","article-title":"The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5alpha restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys","volume":"427","author":"Stremlau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000292","article-title":"Differences in APOBEC3G expression in CD4+ T helper lymphocyte subtypes modulate HIV-1 infectivity","volume":"5","author":"Vetter","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7833","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02869-15","article-title":"Human Th17 cells lack HIV-inhibitory RNases and are highly permissive to productive HIV infection","volume":"90","author":"Christensen-Quick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10661","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00056-12","article-title":"HIV controllers maintain a population of highly efficient Th1 effector cells in contrast to patients treated in the long term","volume":"86","author":"Vingert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000594","article-title":"Low SAMHD1 expression following T-cell activation and proliferation renders CD4+ T cells susceptible to HIV-1","volume":"29","author":"Ruffin","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007868","article-title":"Proliferative memory SAMHD1low CD4+ T cells harbour high levels of HIV-1 with compartmentalized viral populations","volume":"15","author":"Hani","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03603-13","article-title":"TRIM5alpha and TRIM22 are differentially regulated according to HIV-1 infection phase and compartment","volume":"88","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02189-16","article-title":"Dynamic modulation of expression of lentiviral restriction factors in primary CD4(+) T cells following simian immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"91","author":"Rahmberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-10-106","article-title":"Expression profile of host restriction factors in HIV-1 elite controllers","volume":"10","author":"Abdel-Mohsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051512","article-title":"Induction of APOBEC3 family proteins, a defensive maneuver underlying interferon-induced anti-HIV-1 activity","volume":"203","author":"Peng","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.3260","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is a specific marker of type I IFN-producing cells in the naive mouse, but a promiscuous cell surface antigen following IFN stimulation","volume":"177","author":"Blasius","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.10.173","article-title":"A retrovirus restriction factor TRIM5alpha is transcriptionally regulated by interferons","volume":"338","author":"Asaoka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9254","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00854-10","article-title":"Characterization of the alpha interferon-induced postentry block to HIV-1 infection in primary human macrophages and T cells","volume":"84","author":"Goujon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08798-7","article-title":"PD-1 blockade potentiates HIV latency reversal ex vivo in CD4(+) T cells from ART-suppressed individuals","volume":"10","author":"Fromentin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104254","article-title":"Immune checkpoint expression on HIV-specific CD4+ T cells and response to their blockade are dependent on lineage and function","volume":"84","author":"Brunet-Ratnasingham","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005349","article-title":"TIGIT marks exhausted T cells, correlates with disease progression, and serves as a target for immune restoration in HIV and SIV infection","volume":"12","author":"Chew","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001849","article-title":"Programmed cell death-1 contributes to the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latency","volume":"32","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009349","article-title":"PD-1 is imprinted on cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T cells and attenuates Th1 cytokine production whilst maintaining cytotoxicity","volume":"17","author":"Parry","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.50","article-title":"Differences in antigen-specific CD4+ responses to opportunistic infections in HIV infection","volume":"3","author":"Pollock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.07.004","article-title":"Inhibitory molecules that regulate expansion and restoration of HCV-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with chronic infection","volume":"141","author":"Raziorrouh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700851","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) epitope-specific CD4(+) T cells are inflated in HIV(+) CMV(+) subjects","volume":"199","author":"Abana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9148","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01297-13","article-title":"High levels of CD2 expression identify HIV-1 latently infected resting memory CD4+ T cells in virally suppressed subjects","volume":"87","author":"Iglesias-Ussel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006856","article-title":"Increased HIV-1 transcriptional activity and infectious burden in peripheral blood and gut-associated CD4+ T cells expressing CD30","volume":"14","author":"Hogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11556-4","article-title":"Expression of CD20 after viral reactivation renders HIV-reservoir cells susceptible to Rituximab","volume":"10","author":"Serra-Peinado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02121-19","article-title":"CD161(+) CD4(+) T cells harbor clonally expanded replication-competent HIV-1 in antiretroviral therapy-suppressed individuals","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21710","article-title":"CD32a is a marker of a CD4 T-cell HIV reservoir harbouring replication-competent proviruses","volume":"543","author":"Descours","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar6759","article-title":"CD32 is expressed on cells with transcriptionally active HIV but does not enrich for HIV DNA in resting T cells","volume":"10","author":"Abdel-Mohsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0495-2","article-title":"Evidence that CD32a does not mark the HIV-1 latent reservoir","volume":"561","author":"Osuna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0494-3","article-title":"The role of CD32 during HIV-1 infection","volume":"561","author":"Bertagnolli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0493-4","article-title":"Conflicting evidence for HIV enrichment in CD32(+) CD4 T cells","volume":"561","author":"Perez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20877","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911796106","article-title":"The integrin alpha4beta7 forms a complex with cell-surface CD4 and defines a T-cell subset that is highly susceptible to infection by HIV-1","volume":"106","author":"Cicala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam6354","article-title":"Integrin alpha4beta7 expression on peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells predicts HIV acquisition and disease progression outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Sivro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6675","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.11.6675","article-title":"Extensive replicative capacity of human central memory T cells","volume":"172","author":"Maus","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.6.3196","article-title":"Expression of CD25 defines peripheral blood mononuclear cells with productive versus latent HIV infection","volume":"155","author":"Borvak","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)30305-8","article-title":"J. Regulatory T cells: the ultimate HIV reservoir?","volume":"4","author":"Rocco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virus Erad"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.06.008","article-title":"CD4+CD25+CD127 regulatory cells play multiple roles in maintaining HIV-1 p24 production in patients on long-term treatment: HIV-1 p24-producing cells and suppression of anti-HIV immunity","volume":"37","author":"Jiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2017.07.008","article-title":"Assessment of the HIV-1 reservoir in CD4+ regulatory T cells by a Droplet Digital PCR based approach","volume":"240","author":"Dunay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.779961","article-title":"Dissecting the landscape of activated CMV-stimulated CD4+ T cells in humans by linking single-cell RNA-seq with T-cell receptor sequencing","volume":"12","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI132374","article-title":"BCL-2 antagonism sensitizes cytotoxic t cell-resistant hiv reservoirs to elimination ex vivo","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.03.004","article-title":"Single-cell multiomics reveals persistence of HIV-1 in expanded cytotoxic T cell clones","author":"Collora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/34929","article-title":"HIV-1 Nef protein protects infected primary cells against killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"391","author":"Collins","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80284-X","article-title":"Cell-surface expression of CD4 reduces HIV-1 infectivity by blocking Env incorporation in a Nef- and Vpu-inhibitable manner","volume":"9","author":"Lama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80065-5","article-title":"The selective downregulation of class I major histocompatibility complex proteins by HIV-1 protects HIV-infected cells from NK cells","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80553-1","article-title":"Nef interacts with the mu subunit of clathrin adaptor complexes and reveals a cryptic sorting signal in MHC I molecules","volume":"8","author":"Le Gall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154422","article-title":"The HIV-1 proviral landscape reveals that Nef contributes to HIV-1 persistence in effector memory CD4+ T cells","volume":"132","author":"Duette","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.1.7","article-title":"Evasion of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses by nef-dependent induction of Fas ligand (CD95L) expression on simian immunodeficiency virus-infected cells","volume":"186","author":"Xu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.9.1489","article-title":"Induction of Fas ligand expression by HIV involves the interaction of Nef with the T cell receptor zeta chain","volume":"189","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08578-7","article-title":"Fas Ligand-mediated cytotoxicity of CD4+ T cells during chronic retrovirus infection","volume":"7","author":"Malyshkina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010673","article-title":"Active PD-L1 incorporation within HIV virions functionally impairs T follicular helper cells","volume":"18","author":"Munoz","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005995","article-title":"Subset- and antigen-specific effects of Treg on CD8+ T cell responses in chronic HIV infection","volume":"12","author":"Nikolova","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05538-8","article-title":"Phenotypic signatures of immune selection in HIV-1 reservoir cells","volume":"614","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl3836","article-title":"Pembrolizumab induces HIV latency reversal in people living with HIV and cancer on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"14","author":"Uldrick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1979","article-title":"Programmed death 1 expression on HIV-specific CD4+ T cells is driven by viral replication and associated with T cell dysfunction","volume":"179","author":"D'Souza","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1515","article-title":"Upregulation of CTLA-4 by HIV-specific CD4+ T cells correlates with disease progression and defines a reversible immune dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4A0316-112R","article-title":"CMV induces expansion of highly polyfunctional CD4+ T cell subset coexpressing CD57 and CD154","volume":"101","author":"Pera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.12.013","article-title":"Lactobacillus-deficient cervicovaginal bacterial communities are associated with increased HIV acquisition in young South African women","volume":"46","author":"Gosmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.023","article-title":"Translocated microbiome composition determines immunological outcome in treated HIV infection","volume":"184","author":"Nganou-Makamdop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virus Eradication"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2055664023000158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2055664023000158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T20:12:35Z","timestamp":1761855155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2055664023000158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2055664023000158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-6640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-6640","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antigen specificities of HIV-infected cells: A role in infection and persistence?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Virus Eradication","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jve.2023.100329","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100329"}}