{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T03:16:27Z","timestamp":1794107787537,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jvir.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T11:15:25Z","timestamp":1613733325000},"page":"762.e1-762.e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Research Priorities in Lymphatic Interventions: Recommendations from a Multidisciplinary Research Consensus Panel"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Maxim","family":"Itkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley G.","family":"Rockson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlys H","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Burkhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Windsor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan S.","family":"Kassab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saebeom","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Nadolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleska M.","family":"Pabon-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0010-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie","family":"Rabinowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah B.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2016.10.003","article-title":"Lymphatic anatomy","volume":"19","author":"Hsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib2","unstructured":"Asellius G. De lactibus sive lacteis venis quarto vasorum mesaraicorum genere novo inuento. Mediolani 1627; JB Biddellium."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1896.sp000596","article-title":"On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces","volume":"19","author":"Starling","year":"1896","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(96)70840-0","article-title":"Percutaneous transabdominal embolization of thoracic duct lacerations in animals","volume":"7","author":"Cope","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201012094","article-title":"Lymphatic vascular morphogenesis in development, physiology, and disease","volume":"193","author":"Schulte-Merker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)34052-1","article-title":"Intestinal and liver lymph and lymphatics","volume":"55","author":"Frank","year":"1968","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00251","article-title":"Renal lymphatics: anatomy, physiology, and clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Russell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib8","first-page":"13","article-title":"Lymphangiography in man: a method of outlining lymphatic trunks at operation","volume":"11","author":"Kinmonth","year":"1952","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2012.01.078","article-title":"Feasibility of ultrasound-guided intranodal lymphangiogram for thoracic duct embolization","volume":"23","author":"Nadolski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017170014","article-title":"MR lymphangiography in children: technique and potential applications","volume":"37","author":"Chavhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2013.09.002","article-title":"Transhepatic lymphatic embolization of intractable hepatic lymphorrhea","volume":"25","author":"Guez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2018.01.789","article-title":"The feasibility of mesenteric intranodal lymphangiography: its clinical application for refractory postoperative chylous ascites","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib13","first-page":"51","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of thoracic duct cannulation","volume":"15","author":"Dumont","year":"1969","journal-title":"Adv Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.39.6.723","article-title":"Lymph circulation in congestive heart failure: effect of external thoracic duct drainage","volume":"39","author":"Witte","year":"1969","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.36.4.539","article-title":"Thoracic duct-to-pulmonary vein shunt in the treatment of experimental right heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Cole","year":"1967","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.039","article-title":"The lymphatic vasculature in the 21st century: novel functional roles in homeostasis and disease","volume":"182","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0104-11","article-title":"Genes tell lymphatics to sprout or not Lymphoid organogenesis\u202f: getting the green light from ROR\u03b3t","volume":"5","author":"Folkman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.066118","article-title":"Revision of the starling principle: new views of tissue fluid balance","volume":"557","author":"Levick","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062596","article-title":"Functionally specialized junctions between endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels","volume":"204","author":"Baluk","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2009.0007","article-title":"Contractile physiology of lymphatics","volume":"7","author":"Zawieja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272088","article-title":"Lymphatic pumping: mechanics, mechanisms and malfunction","volume":"594","author":"Scallan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib22","first-page":"2011","article-title":"A\u00a0statistical study of the thoracic duct in man","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"1914","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"The anatomy and physiology of the terminal thoracic duct and ostial valve in health and disease: potential implications for intervention","volume":"233","author":"Ratnayake","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000400302","article-title":"The genetic history of the valves in the lymphatic system of man","volume":"40","author":"Kampmeier","year":"1928","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2531082036","article-title":"Terminal part of thoracic duct: high-resolution US imaging","volume":"252","author":"Seeger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib26","first-page":"1146","article-title":"Anatomy of the lymphovenous valve of the thoracic duct in humans","volume":"236","author":"O\u2019Hagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)66967-2","article-title":"Termination of thoracic duct","volume":"1","author":"Parsons","year":"1909","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800551208","article-title":"The valves of the thoracic duct at the angulus venosus","volume":"55","author":"Pflug","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib29","first-page":"806","article-title":"Variations of the thoracic duct","volume":"26","author":"Van Pernis","year":"1949","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1863-2","article-title":"Modern techniques of lymphangiography and interventions: current status and future development","volume":"41","author":"Itkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2011.05.003","article-title":"Intranodal lymphangiography: feasibility and preliminary experience in children","volume":"22","author":"Rajebi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132616","article-title":"Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography: feasibility study in swine","volume":"273","author":"Dori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019710","article-title":"Percutaneous lymphatic embolization of abnormal pulmonary lymphatic flow as treatment of plastic bronchitis in patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"133","author":"Dori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.021","article-title":"Post-operative chylothorax in patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"69","author":"Savla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1856-1","article-title":"Lymphangiography and lymphatic embolization for the treatment of refractory chylous ascites","volume":"41","author":"Nadolski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2017.10.020","article-title":"Endolymphatic balloon-occluded retrograde abdominal lymphangiography (BORAL) and embolization (BORALE) for the diagnosis and treatment of chylous ascites: approach, technical success, and clinical outcomes","volume":"49","author":"Srinivasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.06.030","article-title":"US-guided, direct puncture retrograde thoracic duct access, lymphangiography, and embolization: feasibility and efficacy","volume":"27","author":"Guevara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.04.050","article-title":"Indications, techniques, and clinical outcomes of thoracic duct interventions in patients: a forgotten literature?","volume":"204","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00261496","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of thoracic-duct drainage in the treatment of respiratory failure complicating severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"15","author":"Dugernier","year":"1989","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4608","article-title":"From sewer to saviour-targeting the lymphatic system to promote drug exposure and activity","volume":"14","author":"Trevaskis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196310312691804","article-title":"Lymph drainage in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"269","author":"Dumont","year":"1963","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.10.029","article-title":"Thoracic duct-to-vein anastomosis for the management of thoracic duct outflow obstruction in newborns and infants: a CASE series","volume":"55","author":"Reisen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.058","article-title":"Abnormal pulmonary lymphatic flow in patients with lymphatic anomalies and respiratory compromise","volume":"158","author":"Itkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0379-7","article-title":"Congestion in heart failure: a contemporary look at physiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"17","author":"Boorsma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051044321003146?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051044321003146?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T06:06:57Z","timestamp":1760940417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1051044321003146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1051044321003146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-0443","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Research Priorities in Lymphatic Interventions: Recommendations from a Multidisciplinary Research Consensus Panel","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.01.269","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 SIR, 2021","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}