{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:09:59Z","timestamp":1790795399280,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Virological Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,27]],"date-time":"2011-05-27T16:02:56Z","timestamp":1306512176000},"page":"163-169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Species-specific identification of variola, monkeypox, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses by multiplex real-time PCR assay"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Sergei N.","family":"Shchelkunov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitrii N.","family":"Shcherbakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinat A.","family":"Maksyutov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Gavrilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7428","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007428","article-title":"One more piece in the VACV ecological puzzle: could peridomestic rodents be the link between wildlife and bovine vaccinia outbreaks in Brazil?","volume":"4","author":"Abrahao","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLos One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.07.018","article-title":"Dual-probe real-time PCR assay for detection of variola or other orthopoxviruses with dried reagents","volume":"153","author":"Aitichou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2001.01140.x","article-title":"Human cowpox infection in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt","volume":"40","author":"Amer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04969.x","article-title":"Human cowpox 1969-93: a review based on 54 cases","volume":"131","author":"Baxby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0025","article-title":"Zoonotic infections of buffalopox in India","author":"Bhanuprakash","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00500.x","article-title":"Cowpox infection causing a generalized eruption in a patient with atopic dermatitis","volume":"129","author":"Blackford","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1086\/381976","article-title":"Looking back at smallpox","volume":"38","author":"Bray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.090159","article-title":"Cowpox virus transmission from pet rats to humans, Germany","volume":"1","author":"Campe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1503.080813","article-title":"Cat-to-human orthopoxvirus transmission northeastern Italy","volume":"15","author":"Carletti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1991.tb00891.x","article-title":"Animal poxviruses transmitted from cat to man: current event with lethal end","volume":"1338","author":"Czerny","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0603","article-title":"An emergent poxvirus from human and cattle in Rio de Janeiro State: Cantagalo virus may derive from Brazilian smallpox vaccine","volume":"277","author":"Damaso","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.061404","article-title":"Brazilian vaccinia viruses and their origins","volume":"13","author":"de Souza Trindade","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.05.028","article-title":"Real-time PCR assay to identify variants of vaccinia virus: implications for the diagnosis of bovine vaccinia in Brazil","volume":"152","author":"de Souza Trindade","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006342","article-title":"Rapid and high-throughput pan-Orthopoxvirus detection and identification using PCR and massspectrometry","volume":"4","author":"Eshoo","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLos One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4464","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00276-06","article-title":"Use of internally controlled real-time genome amplification for detection of variola virus and other orthopoxviruses infecting humans","volume":"44","author":"Fedele","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0080","series-title":"Smallpox and its Eradication","author":"Fenner","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.08.007","article-title":"Simultaneous identification of orthopoxviruses and alphaviruses by oligonucleotide macroarray with special emphasis on detection of variola and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses","volume":"131","author":"Fitzgibbon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4068","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4068-4070.2003","article-title":"Smallpox: residual antibody after vaccination","volume":"41","author":"Gallwitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.06.003","article-title":"Development of real-time PCR assay for detection of cowpox virus","volume":"49","author":"Gavrilova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(90)90294-2","article-title":"The complete DNA sequence of vaccinia virus","volume":"179","author":"Goebel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0361","article-title":"Application of Ibis-T5000 Pan-Orthopoxvirus assay to quantitatively detection monkeypox viral loads in clinical specimens from macaques experimentally infected with aerosolized monkeypox virus","volume":"82","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5406.1279","article-title":"The looming threat of bioterrorism","volume":"283","author":"Henderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06731.x","article-title":"Generalized cowpox infection probably transmitted from a rat","volume":"153","author":"Honlinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0120","first-page":"1","article-title":"A simple restriction fragment PCR approach for discrimination of humanpathogenic Old World animal orthopoxvirus species","volume":"54","author":"Humer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.1996.0093","article-title":"The potential of 5\u2032 nuclease PCR for detection a single-base polymorphism in orthopoxvirus","volume":"11","author":"Ibrahim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.8.3835-3839.2003","article-title":"Real-time PCR assay to detect smallpox virus","volume":"41","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.601-609.2004","article-title":"Smallpox and pan-orthopox virus detection by real-time 3\u2032-minor groove binder TaqMan assays on the Roche LightCycler and the Cepheid Smart Cycler platforms","volume":"42","author":"Kulesh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700143","article-title":"Monkeypox virus detection in rodents using real-time 3\u2032-minor groove binder TaqMan assaya on Roche LightCycler","volume":"84","author":"Kulesh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(03)00193-9","article-title":"Detection and discrimination of orthopoxviruses using microarrays of immobilized oligonucleotides","volume":"112","author":"Laassri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.753-757.2002","article-title":"Species-level identification of orthopoxviruses with an oligonucleotide microchip","volume":"40","author":"Lapa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.428","article-title":"Extended interhuman transmission of monkeypox in a hospital community in the republic of the Congo","volume":"73","author":"Learned","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e176","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000176","article-title":"Ecological niche and geographic distribution of human monkeypox in Africa","volume":"2","author":"Levine","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLos One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.03.012","article-title":"Detection of monkeypox virus with real-time PCR assays","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.6.1292","article-title":"Real-time PCR in virology","volume":"30","author":"Mackey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0175","first-page":"6","article-title":"Biotype and genetic characterization of isolate of cowpox virus having caused infection in a child","volume":"4","author":"Marenikova","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0180","first-page":"487","article-title":"Smallpox: a possible comeback","volume":"4","author":"Michaeli","year":"2002","journal-title":"IMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1086\/498155","article-title":"Reemergence of monkeypox: prevalence, diagnostics, and countermeasures","volume":"41","author":"Nalca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.090235","article-title":"Cowpox virus transmission from pet rats to humans, France","volume":"15","author":"Ninove","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.3.1207-1213.2004","article-title":"Detection of orthopoxvirus DNA by real-time PCR and identification of variola virus DNA by melting analysis","volume":"42","author":"Nitsche","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.02.007","article-title":"Detection of vaccinia virus DNA on the LightCycler by fluorescence melting curve analysis","volume":"126","author":"Nitsche","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.1940-1946.2004","article-title":"Real-Time PCR System for detection of orthopoxviruses and simultaneous identification of smallpox virus","volume":"42","author":"Olson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.1.17","article-title":"Human monkeypox: an emerging zoonotic disease","volume":"2","author":"Parker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.020814","article-title":"Cowpox with severe generalized eruption, Finland","volume":"9","author":"Pelkonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0220","first-page":"762","article-title":"Smallpox and bioterrorism","volume":"81","author":"Pennington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.10.3724-3730.1998","article-title":"Bias in template-to-product ratios in multitemplate PCR","volume":"64","author":"Polz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21385","article-title":"Detection of human orthopoxvirus infections and differentiation of smallpox virus with real-time PCR","volume":"81","author":"Putkuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032299","article-title":"The detection of monkeypox in humans in the Western Hemisphere","volume":"350","author":"Reed","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005769107","article-title":"Major increase in human monkeypox incidence 30 years after smallpox vaccination campaigns cease in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"107","author":"Rimoin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20698","article-title":"Microarray assay for detection and discrimination of Orthopoxvirus species","volume":"78","author":"Ryabinin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.068635","article-title":"Real-time PCR to identify variola virus or other human pathogenic orthopox viruses","volume":"53","author":"Scaramozzino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0255","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multicolour, multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of human-pathogenic poxviruses","volume":"24","author":"Schroeder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0536-0","article-title":"How long ago did smallpox virus emerge?","volume":"154","author":"Shchelkunov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2004.07.004","article-title":"Multiplex PCR detection and species differentiation of orthopoxviruses pathogenic to humans","volume":"19","author":"Shchelkunov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0270","series-title":"Orthopoxviruses Pathogenic for Humans","author":"Shchelkunov","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80041-R","article-title":"Genes of variola and vaccinia viruses needed for overcoming of the host protective mechanisms","volume":"319","author":"Shchelkunov","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9039","article-title":"The genomic sequence analysis of the left and right species-specific terminal region of a cowpox virus strain reveals unique sequences and a cluster of intact ORFs for immunomodulatory and host range proteins","volume":"243","author":"Shchelkunov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)03144-1","article-title":"Human monkeypox and smallpox viruses: genomic comparison","volume":"509","author":"Shchelkunov","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.01.007","article-title":"Natural human infections with Vaccinia virus during bovine Vaccinia outbreaks","volume":"44","author":"Silva-Fernandes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.25.3.1708","article-title":"An outbreak of buffalopox in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) dairy herds in Aurangabad, India","volume":"25","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.2000.3320","article-title":"Cowpox infection: not yet consigned to history","volume":"53","author":"Stewart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/00365549850160972","article-title":"Clinical cowpox cases in Norway","volume":"30","author":"Tryland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/43.2.250","article-title":"Surveys of gene families using polymerase chain reaction: PCR selection and PCR drift","volume":"43","author":"Wagner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1306.061068","article-title":"Nosocomial buffalopoxvirus infection, Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"13","author":"Zafar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Journal of Virological Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166093411001984?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166093411001984?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T17:54:32Z","timestamp":1592589272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166093411001984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0166093411001984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-0934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-0934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}}}