{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:51:29Z","timestamp":1782139889344,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010033","name":"Queen Margaret University Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Vascular Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T20:24:55Z","timestamp":1765657495000},"page":"30-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring patients\u2019 experiences of using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Claudication"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4379-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Seenan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1967-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ukachukwu","family":"Abaraogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"McSwiggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5017-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chee-Wee","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Belch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1020","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30255-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2015: an updated systematic review and analysis","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1313","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001251","article-title":"2024 ACC\/AHA\/AACVPR\/APMA\/ABC\/SCAI\/SVM\/SVN\/SVS\/SIR\/VESS Guideline for the management of lower extremity peripheral artery Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"149","author":"Gornik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.037","article-title":"Inter-Society Consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II)","volume":"45","author":"Norgren","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0004","first-page":"e10","article-title":"Optimal exercise programs for patients with peripheral artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Treat-Jacobson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.13.1599","article-title":"Leg symptoms in peripheral arterial disease: associated clinical characteristics and functional impairment","volume":"286","author":"McDermott","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.4.453","article-title":"Functional decline in peripheral arterial disease: associations with the ankle brachial index and leg symptoms","volume":"292","author":"McDermott","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199104000-00003","article-title":"Progressive vs single-stage treadmill tests for evaluation of claudication","volume":"23","author":"Gardner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.008","article-title":"Physical activity and peripheral artery disease: two prospective cohort studies and a systematic review","volume":"286","author":"Heikkil\u00e4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X9700200402","article-title":"The relationship between free-living daily physical activity and the severity of peripheral arterial occlusive disease","volume":"2","author":"Sieminski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.09.033","article-title":"Physical activity is a predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with intermittent claudication","volume":"47","author":"Gardner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00012","article-title":"Physical activity in the prevention of peripheral artery disease in the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Schiattarella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0013","first-page":"e686","article-title":"2016 AHA&sol;ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease","volume":"135","author":"Members","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsbull.2017.207","article-title":"Access to supervised exercise services for peripheral vascular disease patients","volume":"99","author":"Harwood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/17085381211035259","article-title":"Provision of exercise services in patients with peripheral artery disease in the United Kingdom","volume":"30","author":"Harwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vascular"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.08.238","article-title":"National assessment of availability, awareness, and utilization of supervised exercise therapy for peripheral artery disease patients with intermittent claudication","volume":"71","author":"Dua","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a001024","article-title":"Supervised exercise training in patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: a European overview","volume":"51","author":"Lanzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X211033649","article-title":"Exercise therapy referral and participation in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the PORTRAIT registry","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944720924270","article-title":"Exercise therapy in routine management of peripheral arterial disease and intermittent claudication: a scoping review","volume":"14","author":"Abaraogu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207456","article-title":"Living a burdensome and demanding life: a qualitative systematic review of the patients experiences of peripheral arterial disease","volume":"13","author":"Abaraogu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201095","article-title":"Barriers and enablers to walking in individuals with intermittent claudication: a systematic review to conceptualize a relevant and patient-centered program","volume":"13","author":"Abaraogu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-014-9408-4","article-title":"Barriers to physical activity in patients with intermittent claudication","volume":"22","author":"Barbosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0023","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain - an overview of Cochrane Reviews","volume":"2019","author":"Gibson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000258","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improves walking performance in patients with intermittent claudication","volume":"31","author":"Seenan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318242fccb","article-title":"Modification of experimental, lower limb ischemic pain with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","volume":"28","author":"Seenan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000277","article-title":"Improved walking claudication distance with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","volume":"94","author":"Labrun\u00e9e","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8","article-title":"Acceptability of healthcare interventions: an overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework","volume":"17","author":"Sekhon","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Heal Serv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105315600238","article-title":"You can\u2019t walk with cramp!\u2019 A qualitative exploration of individuals\u2019 beliefs and experiences of walking as treatment for intermittent claudication","volume":"22","author":"Holmes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heal Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2017.03.001","article-title":"Intermittent claudication a real pain in the calf\u201d\u2014Patient experience of diagnosis and treatment with a supervised exercise program","volume":"35","author":"Harwood","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vasc Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-016-0151-9","article-title":"How do patients with peripheral arterial disease communicate their knowledge about their illness and treatments? A qualitative descriptive study","volume":"15","author":"Wann-Hansson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140120","article-title":"Direct and indirect benefits reported by users of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic musculoskeletal pain: qualitative exploration using patient interviews","volume":"95","author":"Gladwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150272","article-title":"Problems, solutions, and strategies reported by users of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic musculoskeletal pain: qualitative exploration using patient interviews","volume":"96","author":"Gladwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0033","series-title":"Doing Focus Groups","author":"Barbour","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.02.002","article-title":"How we design feasibility studies","volume":"36","author":"Bowen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029954","article-title":"Guidance on how to develop complex interventions to improve health and healthcare","volume":"9","author":"O\"Cathain","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03263-9","article-title":"Co-designing care for multimorbidity: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Sumner","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(98)70034-5","article-title":"Measurement of walking endurance and walking velocity with questionnaire: validation of the walking impairment questionnaire in men and women with peripheral arterial disease","volume":"28","author":"McDermott","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.12.008","article-title":"The pain self-efficacy questionnaire: taking pain into account","volume":"11","author":"Nicholas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","article-title":"The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation","volume":"7","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199103000-00053","article-title":"The Tampa scale","volume":"7","author":"Miller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire&colon; 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"CRAIG","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2001.112326","article-title":"Developing the Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire: a new disease-specific quality of life measure for use in lower limb ischemia","volume":"33","author":"Morgan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.012","article-title":"Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"113","author":"Dworkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan D. Focus Groups as qualitative research. 1997;","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984287"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539800300304","article-title":"Focus Groups in Health research","volume":"3","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Heal Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0046","series-title":"Focus groups : a Practical Guide For Applied Research","author":"Krueger","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0047","article-title":"Moules NJ. Thematic analysis","volume":"16","author":"Nowell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0048","unstructured":"QSR-International. NVivo (Version 12) [Internet]. Melbourne: lumivero; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.qsrinternational.com\/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software\/home"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Qual Heal Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1159\/000507400","article-title":"Prior therapeutic experiences, not expectation ratings, predict placebo effects: an experimental study in chronic pain and healthy participants","volume":"89","author":"Colloca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000161526.25374.e5","article-title":"Direct comparison of placebo effects on clinical and experimental pain","volume":"22","author":"Charron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004_bib0052","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for acute pain","volume":"2021","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vascular Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1062030325001244?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1062030325001244?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:46:13Z","timestamp":1782139573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1062030325001244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1062030325001244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-0303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-0303","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring patients\u2019 experiences of using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Claudication","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Vascular Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvn.2025.11.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Vascular Nursing, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}