{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T07:09:41Z","timestamp":1775632181220,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Voice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,16]],"date-time":"2007-06-16T14:11:18Z","timestamp":1182003078000},"page":"219-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Electrotherapy and the Human Voice: A Literature Review of the Historical Origins and Contemporary Applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Gilman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sander L.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib1","series-title":"Therapeutic Electricity and Practical Muscle Testing","author":"Hedley","year":"1900"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib2","series-title":"Experiments and Observations on Electricity","author":"Franklin","year":"1749"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib3","first-page":"665","article-title":"Lodestones, quackery and science: electrical stimulation of the ear before cochlear implants","volume":"18","author":"Shah","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib4","series-title":"Primitive Physic: An Easy and Natural Method of Curing Most Diseases","author":"Wesley","year":"1770"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib5","series-title":"The Desideratum: Or, Electricity Made Plain and Useful by a Lover of Mankind, and Common Sense","author":"Wesley","year":"1771"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib6","unstructured":"Lovett R. The subtil medium prov'd, or, that wonderful power of nature \u2026 which they call'd sometimes \u00e6ther, but oftener elementary fire, verify'd: shewing, that all the distinguishing and essential qualities ascrib'd to \u00e6ther \u2026 are to be found in electrical fire\u2026 : giving an account of the progress and several gradations of electricity, from those ancient times to the present\u2026 London: Printed for J. Hinton \u2026, W. Sandby \u2026, and R. Lovett, at Worcester; 1756."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300054612","article-title":"Marketing the machine: the construction of electrotherapeutics as viable medicine in early Victorian England","volume":"36","author":"Morus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Hist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib8","series-title":"The Ambiguous Frog: The Galvani-volta Controversy on Animal Electricity","author":"Pera","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib9","series-title":"An Introduction to Electricity and Galvanism: With Cases, Shewing their Effects in the Cure of Diseases: To which is Added, a Description of Mr. Cuthbertson's Plate Electrical Machine","author":"Carpue","year":"1803"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib10","series-title":"Trait\u00e9 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes \u00e9lectro-physiologiques des animaux","author":"Matteucci","year":"1844"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib11","series-title":"De L'Electrisation localis\u00e9e","author":"Duchenne","year":"1855"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib12","series-title":"Galvanotherapie der nerven- und muskelkrankheiten","author":"Remak","year":"1858"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib13","series-title":"Die electricit\u00e4t in der medicin","author":"Ziemssen","year":"1857"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1862.0141","article-title":"On the contractility of healthy and paralysed muscles as tested by electricity","volume":"12","author":"Lobb","year":"1862","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib15_1","series-title":"The Treatment of Hoarseness and Loss of Voice by the Direct Application of Galvanism to the Vocal Chords","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1863"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib15_2","series-title":"Hoarseness, Loss of Voice, and Stridulous Breathing, in Relation to Nervo-muscular Affectations of the Larynx","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1868"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib16","series-title":"Hysteria Beyond Freud","author":"Gilman","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6696(199510)31:4<370::AID-JHBS2300310404>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"On the early history of male hysteria and psychic trauma: Charcot's influence on freudian thought","volume":"31","author":"Libbrecht","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hist Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib18","series-title":"Electrical Treatment","author":"Harris","year":"1908"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)35391-1","article-title":"Lumleian lectures on the pathological relations of the voice and speech","volume":"113","author":"Bristow","year":"1879","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib20","first-page":"148","article-title":"Faradisation and galvanism in aphonia and weakness of the voice","volume":"2","author":"MacKenzie","year":"1869","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib21","series-title":"Electro-therapeutics or Electricity and Its Relation to Medicine and Science","author":"King","year":"1889"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib22","series-title":"Electrotherapy, Book 2, Diagnosis: Therapeutics","volume":"Vol. II","year":"1901"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib23","series-title":"The Electropathic Guide: Devoted to Electricity and Its Medical Applications","author":"Paige","year":"1849"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib24","first-page":"32","article-title":"When electricity was a panacea","volume":"61","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ala Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-187701000-00018","article-title":"Aphonia of ten months' duration from paralysis of the arytenoideus proprius muscle, with concomitant heart disease","volume":"73","author":"Robinson","year":"1877","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib26","first-page":"73","article-title":"The clinical uses of electricity in muscular development","volume":"2","author":"King","year":"1894","journal-title":"Transactions of the Annual Meeting\u2014National Society of Electro-Therapists"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib27","first-page":"21","article-title":"The development of the higher vocal register by electricity","volume":"15","author":"King","year":"1897","journal-title":"J Electrother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib28","series-title":"The Medical Use of Electricity, with Special Reference to General Electrization as a Tonic in Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Dyspepsia, Chorea, Paralysis, and Other Affections Associated with General Debility, with Illustrative Cases","author":"Beard","year":"1867"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib29","series-title":"Elektrotherapie","author":"Benedikt","year":"1868"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib30","series-title":"Handbuch der elektrotherapie","author":"Erb","year":"1882"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib31","series-title":"Frankenstein's Children: Electricity, Exhibition, and Experiment in Early-nineteenth-Century London","author":"Morus","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib32","unstructured":"Bryan BA. Wilhelm Erb (1840-1921): Electrotherapeutics and scientific medicine in 19th-century Germany [dissertation]. London: University College; 1966."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib33","series-title":"An International System of Electro-therapeutics","year":"1902"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib34","series-title":"Medical Electricity: A Practical Handbook for Students and Practitioners","author":"Jones","year":"1904"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib35","series-title":"Manuel D'\u00c9lectroth\u00e9rapie et D'\u00c9lectrodiagnostic","author":"Albert-Weil","year":"1906"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib36","series-title":"Electrotherapy, Book 2, Diagnosis: Therapeutics","first-page":"239","article-title":"The application of electricity in diseases of the nose, throat, and ear","volume":"Vol. II","author":"Scheppegrell","year":"1901"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib37","series-title":"Electro-therapeutics for Practitioners","author":"Humphris","year":"1921"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib38","first-page":"173","article-title":"An inquiry into the truth of the electrical nature of the nervous principle","volume":"29","author":"Beven","year":"1842","journal-title":"Lond Med Gaz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib39","series-title":"Inventing the 19th Century: The Great Age of Victorian Inventions","author":"van Dulken","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib40","series-title":"The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals","author":"Darwin","year":"1872"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib41","series-title":"Adolescence: Its Psychology and Its Relations to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education","author":"Hall","year":"1904"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib42","article-title":"Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud","author":"Freud","year":"1955"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib43","series-title":"Executioner's Current: Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse, and the Invention of the Electric Chair","author":"Moran","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib44","series-title":"Die krankheiten der nase und des halses: ihre beziehungen zum gesammtorganismus und ihre bedeutung f\u00fcr die singstimme: zehn allgemeinverst\u00e4ndlich vortr\u00e4ge","author":"Ernst","year":"1899"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib45","series-title":"The Life and Work of Josef Breuer","author":"Hirschm\u00fcller","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)53311-5","article-title":"Success or failure in electro-therapy: a consideration of some of the causes read at a meeting of the Electro-Therapeutical section of the Royal Society of Medicine on April 21, 1911","volume":"178","author":"Sloan","year":"1911","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib47","series-title":"Clayton's Electrotherapy and Actinotherapy: A Textbook for Student Physiotherapists","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib48","first-page":"58","article-title":"The tingle factor","volume":"144","author":"Fishlock","year":"1994","journal-title":"New Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.10.1019","article-title":"Russian electrical stimulation: the early experiments","volume":"82","author":"Ward","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib50","first-page":"93","article-title":"On the use of sinusoidal low-frequency modulated currents in vocal disorders in patients with paralysis and paresis of the laryngeal muscle","volume":"27","author":"Iakovleva","year":"1965","journal-title":"Vestn otorinolaringol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1123\/att.9.5.6","article-title":"Nontraditional applications of neuromuscular electrical stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Higgens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Athletic Ther Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500904","article-title":"Electrical pacing of the paralyzed human larynx","volume":"105","author":"Zealear","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198510000-00008","article-title":"Laryngeal pacemaker. II. Electronic pacing of reinnervated posterior cricoarytenoid muscles in the canine","volume":"95","author":"Broniatowski","year":"1985","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib54","first-page":"310","article-title":"Control of paralyzed axial muscles by electric stimulation","volume":"84","author":"Zealear","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans Sect Otolaryngol Am Acad Ophthalmal Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198410000-00022","article-title":"Respiratory rhythmically regulated electrical stimulation of paralyzed laryngeal muscles","volume":"94","author":"Bergmann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1984.00800280022007","article-title":"Use of direct posterior stimulation in laryngeal paralysis","volume":"110","author":"Obert","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(85)90151-5","article-title":"Electrophysiologic pacing of vocal cord abductors in bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis","volume":"150","author":"Otto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800505","article-title":"Transmucosal electrical stimulation of laryngeal muscles","volume":"98","author":"Sanders","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(05)80259-0","article-title":"Effects of vagal nerve stimulation on laryngeal function","volume":"7","author":"Lundy","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200307000-00010","article-title":"Reanimation of the paralyzed human larynx with an implantable electrical stimulation device","volume":"113","author":"Zealear","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib61","first-page":"641","article-title":"Emerging clinical applications of electrical stimulation: opportunities for restoration of function","volume":"38","author":"Grill","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(03)00165-8","article-title":"Neurophysiology of vocal fold paralysis","volume":"37","author":"Zealear","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200011000-00033","article-title":"Effects of adductor muscle stimulation on speech in abductor spasmodic dysphonia","volume":"110","author":"Bidus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib64","first-page":"20","article-title":"Acupuncture for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia","volume":"14","author":"Sheer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Acupunct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib65","series-title":"VitalStim\u00ae Fact Sheet","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1044\/sasd11.4.12","article-title":"Critical appraisal of a treatment publication: electrical stimulation for the treatment of dysphagia","volume":"11","author":"Coyle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Perspectives on swallowing and swallowing disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib67","first-page":"466","article-title":"Electrical stimulation for swallowing disorders caused by stroke","volume":"46","author":"Freed","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200212000-00015","article-title":"Synchronized electrical stimulation in treating pharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"112","author":"Leelamanit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of surface electrical stimulation both at rest and during swallowing in chronic pharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"21","author":"Ludlow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00406.2002","article-title":"Laryngeal elevation achieved by neuromuscular stimulation at rest","volume":"94","author":"Burnett","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib71","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Special Interest Division 3 (Voice and Resonance Disorders. Regarding the application of surface electrical stimulation as a treatment for dysphonia. Available at: http:\/\/www.asha.org\/Forums\/shwmessage.aspx?ForumID=9229&MessageID=242127."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/007327539903700301","article-title":"The measure of man: technologizing the victorian body","volume":"37","author":"Morus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hist Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Voice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892199706001196?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892199706001196?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T03:56:39Z","timestamp":1587614199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0892199706001196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0892199706001196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.08.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-1997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-1997","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}