{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:59:37Z","timestamp":1777874377614,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["06-01-03-SF0516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06-01-03-SF0516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG126\/11AET"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG126\/11AET"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jvoice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Voice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T10:57:17Z","timestamp":1363258637000},"page":"201-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gender Classification in Children Based on Speech Characteristics: Using Fundamental and Formant Frequencies of Malay Vowels"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Zourmand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua-Nong","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mostafa","family":"Mirhassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906875","article-title":"Control methods used in a study of the vowels","volume":"24","author":"Peterson","year":"1952","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acoustic Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1121\/1.411872","article-title":"Acoustic characteristics of American English vowel","volume":"97","author":"Hillenbrand","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1121\/1.385343","article-title":"Vowel formant frequency characteristics of preadolescent males and females","volume":"69","author":"Bennett","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1121\/1.412975","article-title":"Formant frequency values of vowels produced by preadolescent boys and girls","volume":"97","author":"Busby","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1121\/1.427150","article-title":"Formants of children, women, and men: the effects of vocal intensity variation","volume":"106","author":"Huber","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(99)80011-3","article-title":"Formant frequency analysis of children's spoken and sung vowels using sweeping fundamental frequency production","volume":"13","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2010.10.018","article-title":"Formant frequency characteristics in normal Arabic-speaking Jordanians","volume":"25","author":"Yaser","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib8","first-page":"543","article-title":"Development of speech sounds in children","volume":"257","author":"Eguchi","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1121\/1.426686","article-title":"Acoustics of children's speech: developmental changes of temporal and spectral parameters","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib10","unstructured":"Sachs J, Lieberman P, Erickson D. Anatomical and cultural determinants of male and female speech. In: Language Attitudes: Current Trends and Prospects, Washington DC; 1973:74\u201384."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382234","article-title":"Sexual characteristics of preadolescent children's voices","volume":"65","author":"Bennett","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1370525","article-title":"The acoustic bases for gender identification from children's voices","volume":"109","author":"Perry","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912757","article-title":"Speaker recognition of 5- and 6- year old children's voices","volume":"50","author":"Wienberg","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib14","first-page":"421","article-title":"The development of sex-specific speech patterns in young children","volume":"17","author":"Meditch","year":"1975","journal-title":"Anthropol Ling"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2024359","article-title":"Sex differentiation cues in voices of young children of different language","volume":"81","author":"Karlsson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vergin R, Farhat A, O\u2019Shauhnessy D. Robust gender-dependent acoustic-phonetic modelling in continuous speech recognition based on a new automatic male\/female classification. In: Fourth International Conference on Spoken Language ICSLP96. Philadelphia, PA. 1996;2:1081\u20131084.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSLP.1996.607793"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konig Y, Morgan N. GDNN a Gender Dependent Neural Network for continuous speech recognition. In: International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. 1992. IJCNN, Baltimore, MD: 332\u2013337.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1992.226966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-005-0322-8","article-title":"Voice-based gender identification in multimedia applications","volume":"24","author":"Harb","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Intell Inform Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin YL, Wei G. Speech emotion Recognition Based on HMM and SVM. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. Guangzhou, China; 2005: 4898\u20134901.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLC.2005.1527805"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2697522","article-title":"Age, sex, and vowel dependencies of acoustical measures related to the voice source","volume":"121","author":"Iseli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keyvanrad MA, Homayounpour MM. Feature selection and dimension reduction for automatic gender identification. In: 14th International Computer Conferences, Tehran, Iran; 2009: 613\u2013618.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSICC.2009.5349647"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1975.9792","article-title":"Linear prediction: a tutorial review","volume":"63","author":"Makhoul","year":"1975","journal-title":"IEEE Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1980.1163420","article-title":"Comparison of parametric representation for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences","volume":"28","author":"Davis","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Acoust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2005.860538","article-title":"Combining evidence from residual phase from MFCC features for speaker recognition","volume":"13","author":"Murthy","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib25","unstructured":"SHURE Incorporated (2009). SM58\u00ae Cardioid Dynamic Microphone. http:\/\/www.shure.com\/americas\/products\/microphones\/sm\/sm58-vocal-microphone."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib26","unstructured":"GoldWave Inc, (2009). GoldWave [Computer Program]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib27","unstructured":"Boersma P, Weenink D. Praat: doing phonetics by computer. [Computer software and manual]. Available at: http:\/\/www.fon.hum.uva.nl\/praat. Accessed May 11,\u00a02009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1978.1163093","article-title":"A generalized hamming window","volume":"26","author":"Webster","year":"1978","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Acoust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1109\/5.237532","article-title":"Signal modeling techniques in speech recognition","volume":"81","author":"Picone","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib30","series-title":"Phonetic Feature Systems for Vowels","author":"Nearey","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib31","series-title":"The HTK Book (for version HTK 3.4)","author":"Young","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006_bib32","series-title":"The Handbook of Speech Perception","author":"Johnson","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Voice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892199712002238?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892199712002238?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:40:47Z","timestamp":1777578047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0892199712002238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0892199712002238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-1997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-1997","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender Classification in Children Based on Speech Characteristics: Using Fundamental and Formant Frequencies of Malay Vowels","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Voice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}