{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:00:24Z","timestamp":1777874424018,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014438","name":"Business Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4793\/31\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4793\/31\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010135","name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003125","name":"Finnish Cultural Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00201112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00201112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Finnish Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008376","name":"Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008376","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018862","name":"Korvatautien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jvoice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Voice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T17:32:34Z","timestamp":1739295154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Spoken Phones and Patient Characteristics on Respiratory Aerosol Emission"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Tuhkuri Matvejeff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7598-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sampo","family":"Saari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lotta Maria","family":"Oksanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paavo","family":"Heikkil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9413-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ville","family":"Silvonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jani","family":"Hakala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1555-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Topi","family":"R\u00f6nkk\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimo","family":"Taipale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enni","family":"Sanmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7236-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Maria","family":"Laukkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8173-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paavo","family":"Alku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1617-1181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Geneid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville A.","family":"Vartiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabd9149","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd9149","article-title":"Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses","volume":"373","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac846","article-title":"Exhaled breath aerosol shedding of highly transmissible versus prior severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 variants","volume":"76","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716561115","article-title":"Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community","volume":"115","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz584","article-title":"Sources of airborne norovirus in hospital outbreaks","volume":"70","author":"Alsved","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-022-00506-7","article-title":"The physics of respiratory particle generation, fate in the air, and inhalation","volume":"4","author":"Morawska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2020.1745141","article-title":"Measurement of the human respiratory tract deposited surface area of particles with an electrical low pressure impactor","volume":"54","author":"Lepist\u00f6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.13070","article-title":"What were the historical reasons for the resistance to recognizing airborne transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic?","volume":"32","author":"Jimenez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2022.106102","article-title":"Size, concentration, and origin of human exhaled particles and their dependence on human factors with implications on infection transmission","volume":"168","author":"Bagheri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.95.045001","article-title":"Respiratory aerosols and droplets in the transmission of infectious diseases","volume":"95","author":"P\u00f6hlker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Mod Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2008.11.002","article-title":"Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities","volume":"40","author":"Morawska","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2021.1883544","article-title":"Comparing aerosol concentrations and particle size distributions generated by singing, speaking and breathing","volume":"55","author":"Gregson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227699","article-title":"Effect of voicing and articulation manner on aerosol particle emission during human speech","volume":"15","author":"Asadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2020.1812502","article-title":"Exhaled respiratory particles during singing and talking","volume":"54","author":"Alsved","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38808-z","article-title":"Aerosol emission and superemission during human speech increase with voice loudness","volume":"9","author":"Asadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00760","article-title":"Respiratory aerosol emissions from vocalization: age and sex differences are explained by volume and exhaled CO2","volume":"8","author":"Good","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2024.07.028","article-title":"Effect of vocalization on human aerosol dynamics: whispering produces more aerosols than speaking","author":"Sanmark","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2008.0720","article-title":"The mechanism of breath aerosol formation","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021830118","article-title":"Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity","volume":"118","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2016.1330","article-title":"Exhaled particles after a standardized breathing maneuver","volume":"30","author":"Bake","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib20","series-title":"Acoustic Theory of Speech Production: With Calculations Based on X-Ray Studies of Russian Articulations","author":"Fant","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib21","series-title":"Text, Speech, and Language Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-4317-2_3","article-title":"Acoustic-phonetic analysis of prominence in Swedish","author":"Fant","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib22","series-title":"Clinical Measurement of Speech and Voice","author":"Baken","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(05)80179-1","article-title":"Effects of prolonged loud reading on selected measures of vocal function in trained and untrained singers","volume":"5","author":"Gelfer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000259329","article-title":"An investigation of airflow in relation to placement for vowel production","volume":"23","author":"Beckett","year":"1971","journal-title":"Phonetica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.0703.233","article-title":"Air flow during the production of selected consonants","volume":"7","author":"Isshiki","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Speech Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93281-x","article-title":"Aerosol emission in professional singing of classical music","volume":"11","author":"M\u00fcrbe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13874-3","article-title":"SARS transmission: language and droplet production","volume":"362","author":"Inouye","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-0970-9","article-title":"Exhaled particles and small airways","volume":"20","author":"Bake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-022-00430-z","article-title":"Characterizing respiratory aerosol emissions during sustained phonation","volume":"32","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08609-y","article-title":"COVID-19 symptoms are reduced by targeted hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea","volume":"12","author":"George","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Voice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892199725000360?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892199725000360?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:47:11Z","timestamp":1777578431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0892199725000360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0892199725000360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-1997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-1997","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of Spoken Phones and Patient Characteristics on Respiratory Aerosol Emission","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Voice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvoice.2025.01.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Voice Foundation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}