{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:43:50Z","timestamp":1790109830131,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":731,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jvascsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]],"date-time":"2011-09-13T19:01:01Z","timestamp":1315940461000},"page":"62S-69S.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Failure of microvenous valves in small superficial veins is a key to the skin changes of venous insufficiency"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Jordan R.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Thomas","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldine B.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre M.","family":"van Rij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12522612","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the human dermal microcirculation IV","volume":"81","author":"Braverman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10141","article-title":"Micro-venous valves in the superficial veins of the human lower limb","volume":"17","author":"Phillips","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199601)244:1<126::AID-AR13>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Morphological study of the human maxillofacial venous vasculature: examination of venous valves using the corrosion resin cast technique","volume":"244","author":"Miyake","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199701000-00011","article-title":"The microvenous valvular anatomy of the human dorsal thoracic fascia","volume":"99","author":"Aharinejad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2006.04.021","article-title":"Valves in small veins and venules","volume":"32","author":"Caggiati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00181.x","article-title":"Valvular density alone cannot account for sites of chronic venous insufficiency and ulceration in the lower extremity","volume":"8","author":"Aharinejad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.01.070","article-title":"Characterization of a porcine model of chronic superficial varicose veins","volume":"49","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib8","series-title":"The return of blood to the heart","author":"Gardner","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2010.01.011","article-title":"Development of primary superficial venous insufficiency: the ascending theory","volume":"24","author":"Bernardini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(97)70084-3","article-title":"Where does venous reflux start?","volume":"26","author":"Labropoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02325.x","article-title":"Ophthalmic and facial veins are not valveless","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.08.031","article-title":"Clinical and hemodynamic significance of corona phlebectatica in chronic venous disorders","volume":"42","author":"Uhl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1080\/mic.7.S1.S3.S12","article-title":"Microcirculatory dysfunction in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)","volume":"7","author":"Junger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085_bib14","series-title":"Principles of venous hemodynamics","author":"Franceschi","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0741521411015746?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0741521411015746?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T20:15:26Z","timestamp":1760040926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0741521411015746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0741521411015746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-5214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-5214","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Failure of microvenous valves in small superficial veins is a key to the skin changes of venous insufficiency","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Vascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.06.085","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}