{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:09:43Z","timestamp":1792098583904,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":951,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jvascsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]],"date-time":"2013-04-23T02:50:56Z","timestamp":1366685456000},"page":"1710-1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Current medical and surgical management of Raynaud's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Landry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib1","series-title":"U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventive services: report of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib2","first-page":"858","article-title":"Inefficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with associated connective tissue disease: a double blind placebo controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Da Costa","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.8.1101","article-title":"Comparison of sustained-release nifedipine and temperature biofeedback for treatment of primary Raynaud phenomenon: results from a randomized clinical trial with 1-year follow-up","volume":"160","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh390","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud's phenomenon: a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/32.6.524-a","article-title":"Amlodipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"32","author":"La Civita","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199112000-00005","article-title":"Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of nicardipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"18","author":"Wollersheim","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198801000-00011","article-title":"Intravenous nicardipine in Raynaud's phenomenon: a controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"van Heereveld","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00558230","article-title":"The clinical effect of felodipine and nifedipine in Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"37","author":"Schmidt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00613511","article-title":"Controlled double-blind trial of nisoldipine in the treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"31","author":"Gjorup","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harding SE, Tingey PC, Pope J, Fenlon D, Furst D, Shea B, et\u00a0al. Prazosin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1998, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD000956. DOI:10.1002\/14651858.CD000956.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000956"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1986.166","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of prazosin in Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"40","author":"Wollersheim","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198912000-00014","article-title":"Adrenoceptors in Raynaud's disease","volume":"14","author":"Lindblad","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib13","first-page":"215","article-title":"Raynaud's phenomenon: effects of terazosin","volume":"45","author":"Paterna","year":"1997","journal-title":"Minerva Cardioangiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1987.tb07356.x","article-title":"The effect of captopril on cutaneous blood flow in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"117","author":"Rustin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.1988.tb00171.x","article-title":"Enalapril in Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"13","author":"Janini","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22965","article-title":"Prevention of vascular damage in scleroderma and autoimmune Raynaud's phenomenon: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril","volume":"56","author":"Gliddon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arth Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2646::AID-ANR21>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Losartan therapy for Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma: clinical and biochemical findings in a fifteen-week, randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Dziadzio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.9.1038","article-title":"Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine","volume":"40","author":"Coleiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.523324","article-title":"Sildenafil in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon resistant to vasodilatory therapy","volume":"112","author":"Fries","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30195","article-title":"Modified-release sildenafil reduces Raynaud's phenomenon attack frequency in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Herrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arth Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090270","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial of tadalafil in Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Schiopu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq291","article-title":"Efficacy of tadalafil in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon resistant ot vasodilator thearapy: a double-blind randomized cross-over trial","volume":"49","author":"Shenoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.2271","article-title":"Vardenafil for the treatment of Raynaud phenomenon: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study","volume":"172","author":"Caglayan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24351","article-title":"MQX-503, a novel formulation of nitroglycerin, improves the severity of Raynaud's phenomenon: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130658","article-title":"Bosentan treatment of digital ulcers related to systemic sclerosis: results from the RAPIDS-2 randomized, double blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Matucci-Cerinic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199509000-00007","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intravenous prostacyclin on hemodynamics in severe Raynaud's phenomenon: the acute vasodilatory effect is not sustained","volume":"26","author":"Kingma","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.11.800","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, randomised, multicentre comparison of two doses of intravenous iloprost in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to connective tissue diseases","volume":"50","author":"Torley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib28","first-page":"503","article-title":"Effects of long-term cyclic iloprost therapy in systemic sclerosis with Raynaud's phenomenon: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"19","author":"Scorza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6673.561","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost and oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double-blind randomised study","volume":"298","author":"Rademaker","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199804)41:4<670::AID-ART14>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Oral iloprost treatment in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"41","author":"Wigley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.9.952","article-title":"Oral iloprost in Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a multicentre, placebo-controlled, dose-comparison study","volume":"37","author":"Black","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.01.069","article-title":"Thoracic sympathectomy for digital ischemia: a summary of evidence","volume":"54","author":"Coveliers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.35887","article-title":"Adventitial stripping of the radial and ulnar arteries in Raynaud's disease","volume":"27A","author":"Balogh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib34","first-page":"88","article-title":"Microsurgical distal sympathectomy in chronic vasospastic syndromes of the hand","volume":"90","author":"Ortensi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03022212","article-title":"Bilateral pain relief after unilateral thoracic percutaneous sympathectomy","volume":"53","author":"Gofeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib36","first-page":"91","article-title":"Successful treatment of digital ulcers in a scleroderma patient with continuous bilateral thoracic sympathetic block","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.07.011","article-title":"Recent advances for the management of Raynaud phenomenon using botulinum neurotoxin A","volume":"36A","author":"Mannava","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061312","article-title":"Vasodilation induced by transcutaneous nerve stimulation in peripheral ischemia (Raynaud's phenomenon and diabetic polyneuropathy)","volume":"3","author":"Kaada","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200501000-00032","article-title":"Successful use of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of severe Raynaud's disease of the hands","volume":"102","author":"Sibell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00846683","article-title":"Behavioral treatment of Raynaud's disease","volume":"1","author":"Surwit","year":"1978","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1980.13-3","article-title":"Biofeedback, autogenic training, and progresive relaxation in the treatment of Raynaud's disease: a comparative study","volume":"13","author":"Keefe","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Behav Analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1997.91105000.x","article-title":"Treatment of primary Raynaud's syndrome with traditional Chinese acupuncture","volume":"241","author":"Appiah","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1191\/1358863x02vm455oa","article-title":"The use of Ginkgo biloba in Raynaud's disease: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Muir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012_bib44","first-page":"2408","article-title":"Low level laser therapy in primary Raynaud's phenomenon\u2013results of a placebo-controlled, double blind intervention study","volume":"31","author":"Hirschl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0741521413005983?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0741521413005983?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T20:19:29Z","timestamp":1760041169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0741521413005983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0741521413005983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-5214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-5214","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current medical and surgical management of Raynaud's syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Vascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.03.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}