{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:18:03Z","timestamp":1791422283667,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":735,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jvascsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T23:30:21Z","timestamp":1579390221000},"page":"1011-1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The effect of rurality on the risk of primary amputation is amplified by race"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Samantha Danielle","family":"Minc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip P.","family":"Goodney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjita","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon Stephen","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Marone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.13.5.513","article-title":"Pathways to diabetic limb amputation. Basis for prevention","volume":"13","author":"Pecoraro","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.11.072","article-title":"A\u00a0census-based analysis of racial disparities in lower extremity amputation rates in Northern Illinois, 1987-2004","volume":"47","author":"Feinglass","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm044","article-title":"Evaluation of regional variation in total, major, and minor amputation rates in a national health-care system","volume":"19","author":"Tseng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib6","series-title":"Healthy Chicago 2.0: partnering to improve health equity, 2016-2020","author":"Dircksen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib7","first-page":"666","article-title":"Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care","volume":"94","author":"Nelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2011.11.006","article-title":"The role of unconscious bias in surgical safety and outcomes","volume":"92","author":"Santry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122755","article-title":"The double disparity facing rural local health departments","volume":"37","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.1436","article-title":"Influence of race and management of lower extremity ischemia","volume":"148","author":"Durazzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.09.044","article-title":"The adverse effects of race, insurance status, and low income on the rate of amputation in patients presenting with lower extremity ischemia","volume":"45","author":"Eslami","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.138.12.1347","article-title":"Explaining racial variation in lower extremity amputation: a 5-year retrospective claims data and medical record review at an urban teaching hospital","volume":"138","author":"Rucker-Whitaker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.07.734","article-title":"Racial disparities in primary amputation vs revascularization for critical limb ischemia: a meta-analysis","volume":"225","author":"Minc","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2006.12.006","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective analysis of critical limb ischemia: factors leading to major primary amputation versus revascularization","volume":"21","author":"Abou-Zamzam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib16","first-page":"I106","article-title":"Lower extremity nontraumatic amputation among veterans with peripheral arterial disease: is race an independent factor?","volume":"40","author":"Collins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410080053008","article-title":"Variation in utilization of procedures for treatment of peripheral arterial disease. A look at patient characteristics","volume":"153","author":"Tunis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.08.077","article-title":"Socioeconomic and hospital-related predictors of amputation for critical limb ischemia","volume":"53","author":"Henry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(90)90299-P","article-title":"Race as a risk factor in the severity of infragenicular occlusive disease: study of an urban hospital patient population","volume":"11","author":"Sidawy","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.09.059","article-title":"Gender and ethnic differences in arterial compliance in patients with intermittent claudication","volume":"51","author":"Gardner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146519849932","article-title":"Weathering, drugs, and whack-a-mole: fundamental and proximate causes of widening educational inequity in U.S. life expectancy by sex and race, 1990-2015","volume":"60","author":"Geronimus","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000163642.88413.58","article-title":"Context and healthcare access: looking beyond the individual","volume":"43","author":"Litaker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib23","first-page":"140","article-title":"Geographic access to health care for rural Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"22","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rural Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2014.03.022","article-title":"Geographic access to breast imaging for US women","volume":"11","author":"Onega","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib25","series-title":"The 2014 update of the rural-urban chartbook","author":"Meit","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib26","first-page":"21","article-title":"Long-term trends in black and white mortality in the rural United States: evidence of a race-specific rural mortality penalty","volume":"33","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rural Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6623a1","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic health disparities among rural adults\u2014United States, 2012-2015","volume":"66","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2017.07.013","article-title":"The differential effects of rural health care access on race-specific mortality","volume":"3","author":"Cossman","year":"2017","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0741521419326448?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0741521419326448?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T20:30:05Z","timestamp":1760041805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0741521419326448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0741521419326448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-5214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-5214","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of rurality on the risk of primary amputation is amplified by race","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Vascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.090","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 by the Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}