{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:50:45Z","timestamp":1792065045852,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jvsvenous.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:41:01Z","timestamp":1782862861000},"page":"102573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A systematic review on clinical and imaging criteria for liposuction candidacy in lower extremity lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Star-Kayla","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4079-3434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke","family":"Rothberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8945-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah","family":"Sirkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Cotes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0228-7546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Iddriss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisha","family":"Oropallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00727-0","article-title":"Lymphedema","volume":"110","author":"Rockson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib2","first-page":"3","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 consensus document of the International Society of Lymphology","volume":"53","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib3","first-page":"567e","article-title":"The new frontier in lymphedema treatment","volume":"149","author":"Mehrara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70076-7","article-title":"Incidence of unilateral arm lymphoedema after breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"DiSipio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25458","article-title":"Lymphedema beyond breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cancer-related secondary lymphedema","volume":"116","author":"Cormier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib6","series-title":"Lymphedema: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment","first-page":"139","article-title":"Lower extremity lymphedema","author":"Greene","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2017.04.012","article-title":"The Dutch lymphedema guidelines based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the chronic care model","volume":"5","author":"Damstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.05.003","article-title":"A systematic review of the evidence for complete decongestive therapy in the treatment of lymphedema from 2004 to 2011","volume":"4","author":"Lasinski","year":"2012","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib9","first-page":"CD003475","article-title":"Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema following breast cancer treatment","volume":"2015","author":"Ezzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib10","series-title":"Best practice for the management of lymphoedema","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007783","article-title":"Surgical treatment of lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Results of a consensus conference","volume":"147","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib12","first-page":"56","article-title":"Liposuction in lymphedema treatment","volume":"32","author":"Brorson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib13","first-page":"231","article-title":"Quality of life and adipose tissue in lymphedema","volume":"4","author":"Brorson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib14","article-title":"Liposuction gives complete reduction of arm lymphedema following breast cancer treatment: a 5-year prospective study in 105 patients without recurrence","volume":"6","author":"Hoffner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1635116","article-title":"Liposuction treatment of lymphedema","volume":"32","author":"Schaverien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib16","series-title":"Lymphedema: a concise compendium of theory and practice","first-page":"459","article-title":"From lymph to fat: liposuction as a late treatment of lymphedema","author":"Brorson","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2016.0047","article-title":"Breast cancer-related lymphedema: differentiating fat from fluid using magnetic resonance imaging segmentation","volume":"16","author":"Sen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1263","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4700-3","article-title":"Liposuction for advanced lymphedema: a multidisciplinary approach for complete reduction of arm and leg swelling","volume":"22","author":"Boyages","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib23","article-title":"Lipoaspiration for the treatment of lower limb lymphedema: a comprehensive systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Forte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib19","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Liposuction as a treatment for lower limb lymphoedema","volume":"71","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib20","first-page":"45","article-title":"Liposuction for the treatment of lower limb lymphoedema: a systematic approach","volume":"40","author":"Lamprou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-021-02472-3","article-title":"Liposuction in cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema: an investigative study on clinical applications","volume":"20","author":"Xin","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010612","article-title":"Liposuction for advanced lymphedema in a multidisciplinary team setting in Australia: 5-Year Follow-Up","volume":"153","author":"Karlsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1025","article-title":"Long-term results after lymphatic-venous anastomoses for the treatment of obstructive lymphedema","volume":"21","author":"Campisi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1599100","article-title":"Systematic review of the surgical treatment of extremity lymphedema","volume":"33","author":"Carl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib26","first-page":"156","article-title":"Liposuction reduces arm lymphedema without significantly altering the already impaired lymph transport","volume":"31","author":"Brorson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib28","first-page":"52","article-title":"Controlled compression and liposuction treatment for lower extremity lymphedema","volume":"41","author":"Brorson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000597","article-title":"Operative treatment of lymphedema using suction-assisted lipectomy","volume":"77","author":"Greene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib41","first-page":"89","article-title":"MRI shows excess fat in arm and leg lymphedema","volume":"15","author":"Hoffner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib31","first-page":"317","article-title":"Suction-assisted lipectomy for chronic lymphedema decreases the incidence of cellulitis","volume":"77","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002695","article-title":"Combined liposuction and physiologic treatment achieves durable limb volume normalization in class II-III lymphedema: a treatment algorithm to optimize outcomes","volume":"86","author":"Brazio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2021.0041","article-title":"Current understanding of pathological mechanisms of lymphedema","volume":"11","author":"Sung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib42","first-page":"57","article-title":"Liposuction treatment of lymphedema of the upper extremity: 5-year follow-up","volume":"68","author":"Schaverien","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.873650","article-title":"Acquired lymphedema: molecular contributors and future directions for developing intervention strategies","volume":"13","author":"Nurlaila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199906000-00009","article-title":"Liposuction technique and lymphatic lesions in lower legs: anatomic study to reduce risks","volume":"103","author":"Frick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib30","first-page":"784","article-title":"Lymph vessel injury in the subcutis of the lower leg: an anatomical study of implications for liposuction in lymphedema","volume":"40","author":"Van de Pas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2006.4404","article-title":"Adipose tissue dominates chronic arm lymphedema following breast cancer: an analysis using volume rendering CT","volume":"4","author":"Brorson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3109\/02844319709085480","article-title":"Complete reduction of lymphoedema of the arm by liposuction after breast cancer","volume":"31","author":"Brorson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213333X26001332?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213333X26001332?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:02:23Z","timestamp":1792062143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213333X26001332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213333X26001332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-333X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-333X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic review on clinical and imaging criteria for liposuction candidacy in lower extremity lymphedema","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102573","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Society for Vascular Surgery.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102573"}}