{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:25:47Z","timestamp":1793755547825,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jvsvenous.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:07:23Z","timestamp":1792422443000},"page":"102643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systematic Review of Devices, Designs, and Trials for the Treatment of Deep Venous Reflux"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4861-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwasi Ansere","family":"Ofori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3985-0056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa A.","family":"Grimshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabih","family":"Chaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassius Iyad","family":"Ochoa Chaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib1","first-page":"785","article-title":"Venous Insufficiency","author":"Patterson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vascular Medicine: A Companion to Braunwald\u2019s Heart Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023313","article-title":"Protocol for a longitudinal cohort study: determination of risk factors for the development of first venous leg ulcer in people with chronic venous insufficiency, the VEINS (venous insufficiency in South Florida) cohort","volume":"9","author":"Mervis","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib3","unstructured":"Chronic Venous Insufficiency - Cardiovascular Disability - NCBI Bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK209973\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib4","article-title":"Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Extremities: A State-of-the Art Review","volume":"2","author":"Attaran","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-005-5425-8","article-title":"Severe chronic venous insufficiency: Magnitude of the problem and consequences","volume":"19","author":"Tsai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2025.03.036","article-title":"Three-Year Outcomes of Surgical Implantation of a Novel Bioprosthetic Valve for the Treatment of Deep Venous Reflux","volume":"118","author":"Cifuentes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib7","article-title":"Epidemiology of 869,220 varicose vein surgeries over 12 years in Brazil: trends, costs and mortality rate","volume":"2021","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2022.11.034","article-title":"Incidence and Significance of Deep Venous Reflux in Patients Treated with Saphenous Vein Ablation","volume":"91","author":"Satam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib9","article-title":"A systematic review of anatomical reflux patterns in primary chronic venous disease","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2022.09.017","article-title":"Superficial venous procedures can be performed safely and effectively in patients with deep venous reflux","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.10.014","article-title":"Secondary chronic venous disease progresses faster than primary","volume":"49","author":"Labropoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2011.02.013","article-title":"Reconstructive surgery for deep vein reflux in the lower limbs: Techniques, results and indications","volume":"41","author":"Maleti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2023.07.003","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of deep venous reflux correction in chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"11","author":"Maleti","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2020.12.073","article-title":"Safety and feasibility report on nonimplantable endovenous valve formation for the treatment of deep vein reflux","volume":"9","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02604.x","article-title":"Intermediate to long-term results of repairing incompetent multiple deep venous valves using external valvular stenting","volume":"73","author":"Lane","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/026835559200700408","article-title":"Popliteal Valvular Construction Using a Silastic Sling (Technique II) for Deep Venous Insufficiency of the Lower Limb","volume":"7","author":"Psathakis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib18","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib19","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 Guideline Statement","volume":"75","author":"McGowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib21","unstructured":"Haddaway NR, Grainger MJ, Gray CT. citationchaser: An R package and Shiny app for forward and backward citations chasing in academic searching [Internet]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib22","unstructured":"Reference Deduplicator \u2013 Harvey Cushing\/John Hay Whitney Medical Library [Internet]. [cited 2025 Sep 30]. Available from: https:\/\/library.medicine.yale.edu\/reference-deduplicator\/"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","article-title":"Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument","volume":"73","author":"Slim","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43","article-title":"SYRCLE\u2019s risk of bias tool for animal studies","volume":"14","author":"Hooijmans","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1177\/1526602817700120","article-title":"Proof-of-Concept Evaluation of the SailValve Self-Expanding Deep Venous Valve System in a Porcine Model","volume":"24","author":"Boersma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(99)70010-8","article-title":"A multicenter, phase I evaluation of cryopreserved venous valve allografts for the treatment of chronic deep venous insufficiency","volume":"30","author":"Dalsing","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/152660280301000227","article-title":"A Percutaneous Approach to Deep Venous Valve Insufficiency with a New Self-Expanding Venous Frame Valve","volume":"10","author":"Borst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.08.027","article-title":"Second-generation percutaneous bioprosthetic valve: A short-term study in sheep","volume":"40","author":"Pavcnik","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979504600403","article-title":"Experimental Prosthetic Vein Valve","volume":"46","author":"Taheri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.oa.20-00016","article-title":"A Retrospective Study of Deep Vein Insufficiency Treatment Device: ICT","volume":"13","author":"Yavuz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1873","article-title":"Tissue-engineered bioprosthetic venous valve: A long-term study in sheep","volume":"25","author":"Teebken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib32","article-title":"SAVVE US pivotal study of patients with severe chronic insufficiency due to deep valvular venous reflux: One-year results after VenoValve implantation","volume":"14","author":"Ochoa","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib33","first-page":"92","article-title":"Implantation of Cryopreserved Allograft Pulmonary Monocusp Patch: to Treat Nonthrombotic Femoral Vein Incompetence","volume":"29","author":"Garc\u00eda-Rinaldi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61813-2","article-title":"Percutaneous Deployment of a Valved Bovine Jugular Vein in the Swine Venous System: A Potential Treatment for Venous Insufficiency","volume":"11","author":"Gomez-Jorge","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(88)90307-2","article-title":"Repair of incompetent venous valves: A new technique","volume":"8","author":"Jessup","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004631","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Chronic Venous Disease: A Systematic Review with Pooled Prevalence Analysis","volume":"274","author":"Salim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib37","unstructured":"The NHS Budget And How It Has Changed | The King\u2019s Fund [Internet]. [cited 2025 Sep 6]. Available from: https:\/\/www.kingsfund.org.uk\/insight-and-analysis\/data-and-charts\/nhs-budget-nutshell"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2010.010s09","article-title":"Societal costs of chronic venous disease in CEAP C4, C5, C6 disease","volume":"25","author":"Rabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(94)70066-4","article-title":"Long-term results of venous valve reconstruction: A four- to twenty-one\u2014year follow-up","volume":"19","author":"Masuda","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/096721099500300207","article-title":"Deep venous valve reconstruction","volume":"3","author":"Kistner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(84)90224-X","article-title":"Flow through a venous valve and its implication for thrombus formation","volume":"36","author":"Karino","year":"1984","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111447","article-title":"The Basic Principles of Pathophysiology of Venous Thrombosis","volume":"25","author":"Schulman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024014114","article-title":"Venous thrombosis unchained: Pandora\u2019s box of noninflammatory mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.03.412","article-title":"Popliteal vein external banding at the valve-free segment to treat severe chronic venous insufficiency","volume":"64","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.01.007","article-title":"Antithrombotic Therapy Following Venous Stenting: International Delphi Consensus","volume":"55","author":"Milinis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15197","article-title":"Postinterventional antithrombotic management after venous stenting of the iliofemoral tract in acute and chronic thrombosis: A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Notten","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2020.08.004","article-title":"Anticoagulation reduces iliocaval and iliofemoral stent thrombosis in patients with cancer stented for nonthrombotic venous obstruction","volume":"9","author":"Drabkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.12.053","article-title":"Neovalve construction in postthrombotic syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Maleti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.07.089","article-title":"Neovalve construction in deep venous incompetence","volume":"49","author":"Lugli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib50","unstructured":"enVVeno Receives Unfavorable Appeal Decision from the FDA for the VenoValve | enVVeno Medical [Internet]. [cited 2026 Aug 31]. Available from: https:\/\/envveno.com\/envveno-receives-unfavorable-appeal-decision-from-the-fda-for-the-venovalve\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib51","unstructured":"https:\/\/fyra.io. FDA Issues Not-Approvable Letter for enVVeno\u2019s VenoValve for CVI - Endovascular Today [Internet]. [cited 2025 Sep 10]. Available from: https:\/\/evtoday.com\/news\/fda-not-approvable-letter-issued-for-envvenos-venovalve-for-cvi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib52","unstructured":"https:\/\/fyra.io. InterVene\u2019s BlueLeaf Endovenous Valve Formation System Granted FDA Breakthrough Device Designation - Endovascular Today [Internet]. [cited 2026 Aug 31]. Available from: https:\/\/evtoday.com\/news\/intervenes-blueleaf-endovenous-valve-formation-system-granted-fda-breakthrough-device-designation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib53","article-title":"Surgical treatment of deep venous insufficiency and requirements for novel interventions","volume":"1","author":"D\u2019Addario","year":"2023","journal-title":"JVS-Vascular Insights"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02589-1","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of primary deep venous valve insufficiency","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213333X26002039?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213333X26002039?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:38:19Z","timestamp":1793752699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213333X26002039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S2213333X26002039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-333X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-333X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systematic Review of Devices, Designs, and Trials for the Treatment of Deep Venous Reflux","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvsv.2026.102643","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Society for Vascular Surgery.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102643"}}