{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:58:45Z","timestamp":1791874725163,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1461,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007273","name":"Weill Cornell Medical College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kidney-international.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T20:02:26Z","timestamp":1592683346000},"page":"1210-1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Carbonyl iron and iron dextran therapies cause adverse effects on bone health in juveniles with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Edwin","family":"Patino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Doty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Shan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Rivella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleh","family":"Akchurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.04.011","article-title":"Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study highlights the global, regional, and national trends of chronic kidney disease epidemiology from 1990 to 2016","volume":"94","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.14745","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease diagnosis and management: a review","volume":"322","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00040-6","article-title":"Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"3","author":"Matsushita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1939-1","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children","volume":"27","author":"Harambat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.09.007","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and dietary measures to improve outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Akchurin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib6","first-page":"279","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for anemia in chronic kidney disease","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01150114","article-title":"Medication adherence and growth in children with CKD","volume":"9","author":"Akchurin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05750513","article-title":"Medication treatment complexity and adherence in children with CKD","volume":"9","author":"Blydt-Hansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2015.07.006","article-title":"Iron therapy in chronic kidney disease: recent changes, benefits and risks","volume":"30","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.163","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of intravenous and oral iron in chronic kidney disease","volume":"88","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2015.10.002","article-title":"Iron management in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a \u201cKidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes\u201d (KDIGO) Controversies Conference","volume":"89","author":"Macdougall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.12.006","article-title":"Interleukin-6 contributes to the development of anemia in juvenile CKD","volume":"4","author":"Akchurin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2015.14","article-title":"Association between renal iron accumulation and renal interstitial fibrosis in a rat model of chronic kidney disease","volume":"38","author":"Naito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1369","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00281.2016","article-title":"Effects of dietary iron intake and chronic kidney disease on fibroblast growth factor 23 metabolism in wild-type and hepcidin knockout mice","volume":"311","author":"Hanudel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.77","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of low iron diet and its consequence on glomerular hemodynamics","volume":"39","author":"Remuzzi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib16","first-page":"81","article-title":"Role of iron in osteoporosis","volume":"6","author":"Weinberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00077","article-title":"Clinical impact and cellular mechanisms of iron overload-associated bone loss","volume":"8","author":"Jeney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.06.003","article-title":"Iron overload inhibits osteogenic commitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via the induction of ferritin","volume":"1862","author":"Balogh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-010-9365-0","article-title":"Changes in bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in the th3 thalassemia mouse are associated with decreased bone turnover and occur during the period of bone accrual","volume":"86","author":"Vogiatzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1692","article-title":"Iron overload accelerates bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women and middle-aged men: a 3-year retrospective longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080505","article-title":"Bone disease in thalassemia: a frequent and still unresolved problem","volume":"24","author":"Vogiatzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00246","article-title":"Experimental renal failure and iron overload: a histomorphometric study in the alveolar bone of rats","volume":"54","author":"Mandalunis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230590935826","article-title":"Experimental renal failure and iron overload: a histomorphometric study in rat tibia","volume":"33","author":"Mandalunis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F877","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00089.2016","article-title":"Lack of hepcidin ameliorates anemia and improves growth in an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease","volume":"311","author":"Akchurin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0189-5","article-title":"FGF23 at the crossroads of phosphate, iron economy and erythropoiesis","volume":"16","author":"Edmonston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.026","article-title":"Ferric citrate reduces fibroblast growth factor 23 levels and improves renal and cardiac function in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease","volume":"96","author":"Francis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016101053","article-title":"Effects of ferric citrate in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD and iron deficiency anemia","volume":"28","author":"Fishbane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018101016","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot randomized trial of ferric citrate coordination complex for the treatment of advanced CKD","volume":"30","author":"Block","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.123817","article-title":"Increased FGF23 protects against detrimental cardio-renal consequences during elevated blood phosphate in CKD","volume":"4","author":"Clinkenbeard","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.04.006","article-title":"Executive summary of the 2017 KDIGO Chronic Kidney Disease\u2013Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) Guideline Update: what\u2019s changed and why it matters","volume":"92","author":"Ketteler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-012-0937-5","article-title":"Differences in activation of mouse hepcidin by dietary iron and parenterally administered iron dextran: compartmentalization is critical for iron sensing","volume":"91","author":"Daba","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1159\/000185162","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of iron overload in children treated with peritoneal dialysis","volume":"50","author":"Querfeld","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-260083","article-title":"Bone loss caused by iron overload in a murine model: importance of oxidative stress","volume":"116","author":"Tsay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4188","article-title":"Mineral metabolism and cortical volumetric bone mineral density in childhood chronic kidney disease","volume":"98","author":"Denburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.09.012","article-title":"Bone disease in \u03b2 thalassemia patients: past, present and future perspectives","volume":"80","author":"De Sanctis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05940611","article-title":"Early skeletal and biochemical alterations in pediatric chronic kidney disease","volume":"7","author":"Wesseling-Perry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.12.029","article-title":"The complexity of chronic kidney disease\u2013mineral and bone disorder across stages of chronic kidney disease","volume":"91","author":"Graciolli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1630","article-title":"Repression of osteocyte Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling is an early event in the progression of renal osteodystrophy","volume":"27","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib39","first-page":"377","article-title":"Effects of iron overload on bone remodeling in pigs","volume":"116","author":"de Vernejoul","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04271-1","article-title":"Assessing bone ineralization in children with chronic kidney disease: what clinical and research tools are available?","volume":"35","author":"Lalayiannis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1910","article-title":"Coordination of PGC-1\u03b2 and iron uptake in mitochondrial biogenesis and osteoclast activation","volume":"15","author":"Ishii","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01125-w","article-title":"Mechanism of action and clinical attributes of Auryxia\u00ae(ferric citrate)","volume":"79","author":"Ganz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000232","article-title":"Inflammation regulates FGF23 production","volume":"25","author":"Francis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-018-1936-4","article-title":"The unexpected presence of iron in bone biopsies of hemodialysis patients","volume":"50","author":"Custodio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(91)90142-M","article-title":"Bone disease in children with homozygous \u03b2-thalassemia","volume":"8","author":"Rioja","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib46","first-page":"339","article-title":"Short-lasting accumulation in osteoid bone seams of radioactive iron injected as citrate into mice","volume":"131","author":"Huser","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020617","article-title":"Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units: report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee","volume":"2","author":"Parfitt","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.141","article-title":"Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro\u2013computed tomography","volume":"25","author":"Bouxsein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-010-9362-3","article-title":"The role of circulating bone cell precursors in fracture healing","volume":"86","author":"D\u2019Amelio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"}],"container-title":["Kidney International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253820306918?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253820306918?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:59:17Z","timestamp":1758761957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0085253820306918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0085253820306918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0085-2538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0085-2538","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carbonyl iron and iron dextran therapies cause adverse effects on bone health in juveniles with chronic kidney disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Kidney International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.043","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}