{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:00:00Z","timestamp":1793642400910,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kidney-international.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:47:33Z","timestamp":1670546853000},"page":"473-484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Renal AA amyloidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and current therapeutic options: a review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0989-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Karam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Haidous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7036-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginie","family":"Royal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5651-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-7-54","article-title":"Al amyloidosis","volume":"7","author":"Desport","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1159\/000506696","article-title":"The pathology of amyloidosis in classification: a review","volume":"143","author":"Picken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2005.08.014","article-title":"Clinical aspects of systemic amyloid diseases","volume":"1753","author":"Obici","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200001000-00012","article-title":"Expression and function of serum amyloid A, a major acute-phase protein, in normal and disease states","volume":"7","author":"Urieli-Shoval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2018.06.004","article-title":"Secondary, AA, amyloidosis","volume":"44","author":"Papa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14257","article-title":"Drawing attention to a neglected injecting-related harm: a systematic review of AA amyloidosis among people who inject drugs","volume":"113","author":"Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14817","article-title":"AA amyloidosis complicating monoclonal gammopathies, an unusual feature validating the concept of \"monoclonal gammopathy of inflammatory significance\"?","volume":"75","author":"Terre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.09.007","article-title":"A\u00a0mutation in the SAA1 promoter causes hereditary amyloid A amyloidosis","volume":"101","author":"Sikora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.02.004","article-title":"AA amyloidosis is an emerging cause of nephropathy in obese patients","volume":"39","author":"Stankovic Stojanovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.21342","article-title":"AA amyloidosis: Mount Sinai experience, 1997-2012","volume":"79","author":"Bunker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbr.2016.12.002","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and survival in AA amyloidosis patients","volume":"57","author":"Ayar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol Engl Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib12","first-page":"343","article-title":"Pathology and diagnosis of renal non-AL amyloidosis","volume":"31","author":"Sethi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12616","article-title":"Characteristics of AA amyloidosis patients in San Francisco","volume":"21","author":"Lejmi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020712-163913","article-title":"AA amyloidosis: pathogenesis and targeted therapy","volume":"10","author":"Westermark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10491012","article-title":"Renal amyloidosis: origin and clinicopathologic correlations of 474 recent cases","volume":"8","author":"Said","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.06.029","article-title":"Amyloid typing by mass spectrometry in clinical practice: a comprehensive review of 16,175 samples","volume":"95","author":"Dasari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2017.1342235","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of AA amyloidosis: clinical observations over 25 years at a single national referral centre","volume":"24","author":"Lane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12097","article-title":"Spanish Registry of Glomerulonephritis. Decreasing incidence of AA amyloidosis in Spain","volume":"43","author":"Panizo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-974","article-title":"Incidence and survival in non-hereditary amyloidosis in Sweden","volume":"12","author":"Hemminki","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12286","article-title":"Systemic amyloidosis in England: an epidemiological study","volume":"161","author":"Pinney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib21","first-page":"948","article-title":"Prevalence of secondary amyloidosis in Asian North Indian patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"30","author":"Wakhlu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S39981","article-title":"Systemic AA amyloidosis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"6","author":"Real de Asua","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.5414\/CN110577","article-title":"AA renal amyloidosis: clinical observations over 20 years","volume":"97","author":"Khellaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070265","article-title":"Natural history and outcome in systemic AA amyloidosis","volume":"356","author":"Lachmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13966","article-title":"Infections and AA amyloidosis: an overview","volume":"75","author":"Deshayes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib26","first-page":"195","article-title":"AA protein-related renal amyloidosis in drug addicts","volume":"112","author":"Menchel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.07.020","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS): state of the art and future perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Cantarini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.57.121304.131243","article-title":"Amyloidosis","volume":"57","author":"Pepys","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03164-5","article-title":"Physical basis of amyloid fibril polymorphism","volume":"9","author":"Close","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.02.044","article-title":"Serum amyloid A1: structure, function and gene polymorphism","volume":"583","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59408","article-title":"Hepatocyte-specific mutation of both NF-kappaB RelA and STAT3 abrogates the acute phase response in mice","volume":"122","author":"Quinton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-11-011932","article-title":"Serum amyloid A is an innate immune opsonin for Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"108","author":"Shah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.568","article-title":"A\u00a0link between inflammation and metastasis: serum amyloid A1 and A3 induce metastasis, and are targets of metastasis-inducing S100A4","volume":"34","author":"Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.12","article-title":"SAA1 polymorphisms are associated with variation in antiangiogenic and tumor-suppressive activities in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Lung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33455","article-title":"Acute-phase serum amyloid A regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha and matrix turnover and predicts disease progression in patients with inflammatory arthritis before and after biologic therapy","volume":"64","author":"Connolly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib36","article-title":"The impairment of macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport during inflammation does not depend on serum amyloid A","volume":"2013","author":"de Beer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34901-x","article-title":"Serum amyloid A3 is required for normal lung development and survival following influenza infection","volume":"8","author":"Ather","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12116","article-title":"Structure of serum amyloid A suggests a mechanism for selective lipoprotein binding and functions: SAA as a hub in macromolecular interaction networks","volume":"590","author":"Frame","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2016.1270930","article-title":"Structure of serum amyloid A suggests a mechanism for selective lipoprotein binding and functions: SAA as a hub in macromolecular interaction networks","volume":"24","author":"Frame","year":"2017","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib40","article-title":"Revisiting misfolding propensity of serum amyloid A1: special focus on the signal peptide region","volume":"31","author":"Haines","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6507","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707120114","article-title":"Serum amyloid A forms stable oligomers that disrupt vesicles at lysosomal pH and contribute to the pathogenesis of reactive amyloidosis","volume":"114","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2011.574354085","article-title":"The changing face of AA amyloidosis: a single center experience","volume":"18","author":"Girnius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2014.05.007","article-title":"Divergent effect of glycosaminoglycans on the in\u00a0vitro aggregation of serum amyloid A","volume":"104","author":"Aguilera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235143","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based absolute quantification of amyloid proteins in pathology tissue specimens: merits and limitations","volume":"15","author":"Ogawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(94)00076-3","article-title":"Characterization of amyloid A protein in human secondary amyloidosis: the predominant deposition of serum amyloid A1","volume":"1270","author":"Liepnieks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129809007299","article-title":"SAA1 alleles as risk factors in reactive systemic AA amyloidosis","volume":"5","author":"Booth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.6.1083","article-title":"A\u00a0novel allelic variant of serum amyloid A, SAA1 gamma: genomic evidence, evolution, frequency, and implication as a risk factor for reactive systemic AA-amyloidosis","volume":"4","author":"Baba","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13388","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b01590","article-title":"Comparative study on hyaluronic acid binding to murine SAA1.1 and SAA2.2","volume":"4","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2018.1429391","article-title":"Obesity is a significant susceptibility factor for idiopathic AA amyloidosis","volume":"25","author":"Blank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2016-1066","article-title":"Immune modulation of brown(ing) adipose tissue in obesity","volume":"38","author":"van den Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5775","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab252","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS)-related AA amyloidosis: a national case series and systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Delaleu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.03.005","article-title":"AA amyloidosis revealing mevalonate kinase deficiency: a report of 20 cases including two new French cases and a comprehensive review of literature","volume":"50","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05252-1","article-title":"Amyloid load and clinical outcome in AA amyloidosis in relation to circulating concentration of serum amyloid A protein","volume":"358","author":"Gillmore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2011.574354078","article-title":"Do inflammatory rheumatic diseases still cause as much harm through amyloidosis?","volume":"18","author":"Hunter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2017.1289917","article-title":"Prognostication of survival and progression to dialysis in AA amyloidosis","volume":"24","author":"Palladini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1159\/000188412","article-title":"A\u00a0case of rheumatoid arthritis with renal tubular amyloidosis","volume":"68","author":"Hiki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib57","first-page":"1482","article-title":"Two distinct clinical courses of renal involvement in rheumatoid patients with AA amyloidosis","volume":"33","author":"Uda","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-69-3-541","article-title":"Renal amyloidosis, nephrotic syndrome, and impaired renal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate","volume":"69","author":"Sebastian","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198906000-00023","article-title":"Renal tubular acidosis after prolonged remission of nephrotic syndrome in amyloidosis associated with astrocytoma","volume":"82","author":"Friedman","year":"1989","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc1916252","article-title":"Case 11-2020: a 37-year-old man with facial droop, dysarthria, and kidney failure","volume":"382","author":"Berns","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib61","first-page":"70","article-title":"Renal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report and review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Indian Rheumatol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1797.2003.00179.x","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-negative pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: an unusual case report","volume":"8","author":"Hsieh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/13506120500032725","article-title":"Severe protein losing enteropathy with intractable diarrhea due to systemic AA amyloidosis, successfully treated with corticosteroid and octreotide","volume":"12","author":"Fushimi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01669.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations of amyloidosis","volume":"103","author":"Ebert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2014.943834","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis and AA amyloidosis: a survey in the French cystic fibrosis network","volume":"21","author":"Stankovic Stojanovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib66","article-title":"A\u00a0tale of three rarities: secondary amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis caused by recurrent sialadenitis and complicated by pulmonary hypertension and adrenal insufficiency","volume":"12","author":"Desai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106876","article-title":"Rare cause of thyroid enlargement: localized AA amyloid goiter - a case report","volume":"92","author":"Chincholi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21902","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue aspiration for detecting systemic amyloidosis and its utility in clinical practice","volume":"54","author":"van Gameren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197507000-00001","article-title":"Amyloidosis: review of 236 cases","volume":"54","author":"Kyle","year":"1975","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2011.574354029","article-title":"The role of minor salivary gland biopsy in the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis: results of a prospective study in 62 patients","volume":"18","author":"Foli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2007.04.013","article-title":"Clinical and histological characteristics of renal AA amyloidosis: a retrospective study of 68 cases with a special interest to amyloid-associated inflammatory response","volume":"38","author":"Verine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1989.tb02468.x","article-title":"Massive vascular AA-amyloidosis: a histologically and biochemically distinctive subtype of reactive systemic amyloidosis","volume":"30","author":"Westermark","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib73","first-page":"377","article-title":"AA-amyloidosis: tissue component-specific association of various protein AA subspecies and evidence of a fourth SAA gene product","volume":"137","author":"Westermark","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib74","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopic study of amyloid fibrils, granular deposits, and fibrillar luminal aggregates in renal amyloidosis","volume":"137","author":"Yang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib75","first-page":"536","article-title":"Primary amyloidosis A: immunohistochemical and biochemical characterization","volume":"129","author":"Picken","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2018.1474733","article-title":"Profile of renal AA amyloidosis in older and younger individuals: a single-centre experience","volume":"25","author":"Erdogmus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-850-TBOSAT","article-title":"The burden of \"sticky\" amyloid: typing challenges","volume":"131","author":"Picken","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-917-TOAIRB","article-title":"Typing of amyloidosis in renal biopsies: diagnostic pitfalls","volume":"131","author":"Satoskar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4957","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-230722","article-title":"Classification of amyloidosis by laser microdissection and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in clinical biopsy specimens","volume":"114","author":"Vrana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-609883","article-title":"A\u00a0practical approach to the diagnosis of systemic amyloidoses","volume":"125","author":"Fernandez de Larrea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2019.1688289","article-title":"Immunoelectron microscopy and mass spectrometry for classification of amyloid deposits","volume":"27","author":"Abildgaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-020-02505-y","article-title":"A\u00a0histopathological scoring and grading system to predict outcome for patients with AA amyloidosis","volume":"52","author":"Celtik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22118","article-title":"Successful use of a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, to treat amyloid A amyloidosis complicating juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Okuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2011.636460","article-title":"Tocilizumab improves cardiac disease in a hemodialysis patient with AA amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Hattori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.5414\/CN109273","article-title":"Tocilizumab histologically improved AA renal amyloidosis in a patient with multicentric Castleman disease: a case report","volume":"90","author":"Yamada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/24725625.2020.1739193","article-title":"Long term administration of tocilizumab improves renal amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis deposition in familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"4","author":"Inui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70059-X","article-title":"Remission of nephrotic syndrome after removal of localized Castleman's disease","volume":"35","author":"Keven","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000356","article-title":"Complete remission of nephrotic syndrome without resolution of amyloid deposit after anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib89","article-title":"Therapeutic benefits of tocilizumab vary in different organs of a patient with AA amyloidosis","volume":"2014","author":"Matsui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61000-4","article-title":"Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treatment trial","volume":"372","author":"Emery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.9.975","article-title":"Meta-analysis of treatment termination rates among rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs","volume":"39","author":"Maetzel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08213-2","article-title":"Methotrexate and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study","volume":"359","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37723","article-title":"Propensity-adjusted association of methotrexate with overall survival in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Wasko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.06.013","article-title":"Colchicine--update on mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses","volume":"45","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2018.08.014","article-title":"Familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"48","author":"Ozdogan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197410312911803","article-title":"A\u00a0controlled trial of colchicine in preventing attacks of familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"291","author":"Zemer","year":"1974","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197410312911804","article-title":"Colchicine therapy for familial Mediterranean fever: a double-blind trial","volume":"291","author":"Dinarello","year":"1974","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-81-6-792","article-title":"Prophylactic colchicine therapy in familial Mediterranean fever: a controlled, double-blind study","volume":"81","author":"Goldstein","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-2-162","article-title":"Efficacy of intermittent colchicine therapy in familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"86","author":"Wright","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198604173141601","article-title":"Colchicine in the prevention and treatment of the amyloidosis of familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"314","author":"Zemer","year":"1986","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18045.x","article-title":"Familial Mediterranean fever and amyloidosis in children","volume":"82","author":"Saatci","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex453","article-title":"Update on colchicine, 2017","volume":"57","author":"Slobodnick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-2120-7","article-title":"Adverse events during oral colchicine use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Stewart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90155-N","article-title":"Serum amyloid A (SAA): an acute phase protein and apolipoprotein","volume":"102","author":"Malle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006050460","article-title":"Amyloidosis-associated kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Dember","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2017.1352503","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of empirical interleukin-1 inhibition using anakinra in AA amyloidosis of uncertain aetiology","volume":"24","author":"Lane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2013.844294","article-title":"Study on the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated with AA amyloidosis","volume":"24","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202156","article-title":"Good medium-term efficacy of tocilizumab in DMARD and anti-TNF-alpha therapy resistant reactive amyloidosis","volume":"72","author":"Hakala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065644","article-title":"Eprodisate for the treatment of renal disease in AA amyloidosis","volume":"356","author":"Dember","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3500-9","article-title":"A\u00a0multicenter report of biologic agents for the treatment of secondary amyloidosis in Turkish rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis patients","volume":"36","author":"Pamuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111453","article-title":"Treatment with biologic agents improves the prognosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and amyloidosis","volume":"39","author":"Kuroda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib112","article-title":"IL-1 inhibitors in the treatment of monogenic periodic fever syndromes: from the past to the future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Malcova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0295-143","article-title":"Arresting amyloidosis in\u00a0vivo using small-molecule anionic sulphonates or sulphates: implications for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1","author":"Kisilevsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.08036.x","article-title":"Sustained pharmacological depletion of serum amyloid P component in patients with systemic amyloidosis","volume":"148","author":"Gillmore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan3128","article-title":"Repeat doses of antibody to serum amyloid P component clear amyloid deposits in patients with systemic amyloidosis","volume":"10","author":"Richards","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01024","article-title":"Treating protein misfolding diseases: therapeutic successes against systemic amyloidoses","volume":"11","author":"Nevone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14956","article-title":"Identification, preclinical profile, and clinical proof of concept of an orally bioavailable pro-drug of miridesap","volume":"177","author":"Richards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2011.574354075","article-title":"AA amyloidosis: potential therapy with antisense oligonucleotides","volume":"18","author":"Kluve-Beckerman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib120","unstructured":"KINERET [prescribing information]. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ). Accessed December 15, 2022. https:\/\/www.kineretrx.com\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib123","unstructured":"Kiniksa. Arcalyst. Accessed December 15, 2022. https:\/\/www.arcalyst.com\/hcp?gclid=Cj0KCQjwgMqSBhDCARIsAIIVN1WqjnqH2ovJe959VmWtg9JiAiz2SH2O1iL4-oNEdN9-AB6tfFY155MaAlvEEALw_wcB"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.06.006","article-title":"Adult onset Still's disease-the evidence that anti-interleukin-1 treatment is effective and well-tolerated (a comprehensive literature review)","volume":"47","author":"Junge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.143438","article-title":"Favourable and sustained response to anakinra in tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) with or without AA amyloidosis","volume":"70","author":"Obici","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-016-0058-2","article-title":"The experience of canakinumab in renal amyloidosis secondary to familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"3","author":"Sozeri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38777","article-title":"Canakinumab for the treatment of children with colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever: a 6-month open-label, single-arm pilot study","volume":"66","author":"Brik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1457469","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 inhibitors in familial Mediterranean fever patients complicated with amyloidosis","volume":"29","author":"Varan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-0004-1","article-title":"Efficacy of interleukin-1 targeting treatments in patients with familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"38","author":"Cetin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib130","first-page":"75","article-title":"Efficacy of anti-IL-1 treatment in familial Mediterranean fever: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"van der Hilst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3892","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa211","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of anti-interleukin-1 treatment in 40 patients, followed in a single centre, with AA amyloidosis secondary to familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"59","author":"Ugurlu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.12.1591","article-title":"Phenotype, genotype, and sustained response to anakinra in 22 patients with autoinflammatory disease associated with CIAS-1\/NALP3 mutations","volume":"142","author":"Leslie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X10378372","article-title":"The role of interleukin 6 in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Srirangan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep329","article-title":"Therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis: the interleukin-6 receptor","volume":"49","author":"Dayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2012.660307","article-title":"Hitting a complex target: an update on interleukin-6 trans-signalling","volume":"16","author":"Waetzig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2005.05.010","article-title":"Tocilizumab inhibits signal transduction mediated by both mIL-6R and sIL-6R, but not by the receptors of other members of IL-6 cytokine family","volume":"5","author":"Mihara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.12.096","article-title":"IL-6 plays a critical role in the synergistic induction of human serum amyloid A (SAA) gene when stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines as analyzed with an SAA isoform real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay system","volume":"314","author":"Hagihara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0642-0","article-title":"Tocilizumab in the treatment of twelve cases with AA amyloidosis secondary to familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"12","author":"Ugurlu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 94","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib139","first-page":"S46","article-title":"Therapeutic blockade of interleukin-6 by tocilizumab in the management of AA amyloidosis and chronic inflammatory disorders: a case series and review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Lane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2013.773913","article-title":"Tocilizumab treatment for nephrotic syndrome due to amyloidosis in Behcet's disease","volume":"35","author":"Redondo-Pachon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib141","article-title":"Successful treatment of AA amyloidosis in ankylosing spondylitis using tocilizumab: report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Eriksson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1515145","article-title":"AA amyloidosis - benefits and prospects of IL-6 inhibitors","volume":"29","author":"Okuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0249-x","article-title":"Siltuximab: first global approval","volume":"74","author":"Markham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-07-862334","article-title":"International, evidence-based consensus treatment guidelines for idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease","volume":"132","author":"van Rhee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S140011","article-title":"Impact of siltuximab on patient-related outcomes in multicentric Castleman's disease","volume":"9","author":"Sitenga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Relat Outcome Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200101000-00011","article-title":"Amyloid precursors and amyloidosis in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Cunnane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10581","article-title":"Rapid and complete resolution of proteinuria due to renal amyloidosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab","volume":"46","author":"Elkayam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11163","article-title":"Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in fifteen patients with AA amyloidosis secondary to inflammatory arthritides: a followup report of tolerability and efficacy","volume":"48","author":"Gottenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090101","article-title":"Effective anti-TNF-alpha therapy can induce rapid resolution and sustained decrease of gastroduodenal mucosal amyloid deposits in reactive amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Kuroda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1469-4","article-title":"Etanercept can induce resolution of renal deterioration in patients with amyloid A amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"29","author":"Nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.11.010","article-title":"Long-term TNF-alpha blockade in patients with amyloid A amyloidosis complicating rheumatic diseases","volume":"123","author":"Fernandez-Nebro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12045","article-title":"Control of AA amyloidosis complicating Crohn's disease: a clinico-pathological study","volume":"43","author":"Denis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0590-z","article-title":"A\u00a0case of AA amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis effectively treated with infliximab","volume":"28","author":"Kuroda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes190","article-title":"Effectiveness of etanercept vs cyclophosphamide as treatment for patients with amyloid A amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"51","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2013.854048","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical utility of tocilizumab and anti-TNF therapy in AA amyloidosis complicating rheumatic diseases","volume":"24","author":"Okuda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23123","article-title":"Abnormal tumor necrosis factor receptor I cell surface expression and NF-kappaB activation in tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Nedjai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24294","article-title":"Proinflammatory action of the antiinflammatory drug infliximab in tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Nedjai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2666","article-title":"Treatment options in patients with rheumatoid arthritis failing initial TNF inhibitor therapy: a critical review","volume":"11","author":"Rubbert-Roth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.09.020","article-title":"Rituximab therapy for AA-amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"78","author":"Narvaez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2013.840576","article-title":"Turkish experience in rheumatoid arthritis patients with clinical apparent amyloid deposition","volume":"20","author":"Pamuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8040136","article-title":"Rituximab therapy in renal amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Kilic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8358-y","article-title":"IL-1beta biological treatment of familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"45","author":"Soriano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13345","article-title":"Canakinumab treatment in kidney transplant recipients with AA amyloidosis due to familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"32","author":"Trabulus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu474","article-title":"Tocilizumab in the treatment of patients with AA amyloidosis secondary to familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"54","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.6941","article-title":"Effects of biologic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and amyloidosis treated with hemodialysis","volume":"55","author":"Kuroda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02470607","article-title":"Presentation and outcome of patients with systemic amyloidosis undergoing dialysis","volume":"3","author":"Bollee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03620.x","article-title":"Renal transplantation in patients with AA amyloidosis nephropathy: results from a French multicenter study","volume":"11","author":"Kofman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa293","article-title":"Renal transplant outcomes in amyloidosis","volume":"36","author":"Law","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2772-2","article-title":"Anti-IL-1 treatment in familial Mediterranean fever and related amyloidosis","volume":"35","author":"Ozcakar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Kidney International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253822010122?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253822010122?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T01:04:55Z","timestamp":1758762295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0085253822010122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":166,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0085253822010122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0085-2538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0085-2538","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Renal AA amyloidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and current therapeutic options: a review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Kidney International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}