{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:32:27Z","timestamp":1791462747729,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000191","name":"Kidney Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFOC 150004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFOC 150004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kidney-international.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T08:04:51Z","timestamp":1730880291000},"page":"143-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluating the risk of cardiovascular events associated with different immunosuppression treatments for glomerular diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Canney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0243-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Atiquzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilshani","family":"Induruwage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinshan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Fordyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean J.","family":"Barbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","article-title":"Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.536","article-title":"Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts","volume":"79","author":"van der Velde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80994-2","article-title":"Lipid abnormalities in the nephrotic syndrome: causes, consequences, and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Wheeler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)70179-8","article-title":"The nephrotic syndrome, lipids, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease","volume":"22","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4S","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib5","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group. KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the\u00a0management of glomerular diseases","volume":"100","author":"Kidney Disease","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl062","article-title":"Vascular diseases and their risk\u00a0factors in IgA nephropathy","volume":"21","author":"Myllymaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716951","article-title":"High absolute risks and predictors of venous and arterial thromboembolic events in patients with nephrotic syndrome: results from a large retrospective cohort study","volume":"117","author":"Mahmoodi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2015.12.041","article-title":"Patients with primary membranous nephropathy are at high risk of cardiovascular events","volume":"89","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.292","article-title":"The increased risk of coronary heart disease associated with nephrotic syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Ordonez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/14.8.1889","article-title":"The epidemiology and prognosis of glomerulonephritis in Denmark 1985-1997","volume":"14","author":"Heaf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0511-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk is similar in patients with glomerulonephritis compared to other types of chronic kidney disease: a matched cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Hutton","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy422","article-title":"Cause of kidney disease and cardiovascular events in a national cohort of US patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis: a retrospective analysis","volume":"40","author":"O'Shaughnessy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.04.005","article-title":"The risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with primary glomerular diseases","volume":"80","author":"Canney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.738","article-title":"Negative cardiovascular consequences of small molecule immunosuppressants","volume":"102","author":"Chakkera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.12.018","article-title":"Molecular mechanism involved in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity: old drug with a new vision","volume":"218","author":"Iqubal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23352","article-title":"Recent corticosteroid use and recent disease activity: independent determinants of coronary heart disease risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus?","volume":"59","author":"Karp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2010.01140.x","article-title":"Calcineurin inhibitor sparing regimens using m-target of rapamycin inhibitors: an opportunity to improve cardiovascular risk following kidney transplantation?","volume":"24","author":"Zeier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.107","article-title":"Complications of long-term therapy for ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis","volume":"8","author":"Wall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib19","article-title":"Discharge Abstract Database (Hospital Separations). V2. Population Data BC. Data Extract","author":"Canadian Institute for Health Information","year":"2016","journal-title":"MOH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib20","article-title":"Medical Services Plan (MSP) Payment Information File. Population Data BC. Data available","author":"British Columbia Ministry of Health","year":"2016","journal-title":"MOH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib21","article-title":"BC Ministry of Health. PharmaNet. V2. BC Ministry of Health. Data Extract","year":"2011","journal-title":"Data Stewardship Committee"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08060719","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and incidence of glomerular diseases","volume":"15","author":"Canney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.06.020","article-title":"The relatively poor correlation between random and 24-hour urine protein excretion in patients with biopsy-proven glomerular diseases","volume":"90","author":"Hogan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A\u00a0new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020156","article-title":"Regional implementation of creatinine measurement standardization","volume":"19","author":"Komenda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib27","series-title":"Treatment of End-Stage Organ Failure in Canada, Canadian Organ Replacement Register, 2009 to 2018: End-Stage Kidney Disease and Kidney Transplants \u2014 Data Tables","author":"Canadian Institute for Health Information","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60739-3","article-title":"The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"377","author":"Baigent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P162","article-title":"The association between patient-reported drug taking and gaps and overlaps in antidepressant drug dispensing","volume":"44","author":"Gardarsdottir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1549","article-title":"Using prescription registries to define continuous drug use: how to fill gaps\u00a0between prescriptions","volume":"17","author":"Nielsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020166","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, controlled trial of steroids and cyclophosphamide in adults with nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic membranous nephropathy: randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Jha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000133312.96477.48","article-title":"Very low levels of microalbuminuria are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and death independently of renal function, hypertension, and diabetes","volume":"110","author":"Klausen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization","volume":"351","author":"Go","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803537","article-title":"Plasma exchange and glucocorticoids in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"382","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22568","article-title":"Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"56","author":"Westerweel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Kidney International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253824007774?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253824007774?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T20:35:45Z","timestamp":1747168545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0085253824007774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0085253824007774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0085-2538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0085-2538","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluating the risk of cardiovascular events associated with different immunosuppression treatments for glomerular diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Kidney International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}