{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:43:58Z","timestamp":1792489438164,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kidney-international.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T23:18:06Z","timestamp":1785194286000},"page":"1167-1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The teleologic basis of kidney potassium handling: a conceptual review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7322-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biff F.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.6.1308","article-title":"Estimation of the net acid load of the diet of ancestral preagricultural Homo sapiens and their hominid ancestors","volume":"76","author":"Sebastian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s394-001-8347-4","article-title":"Diet, evolution and aging: the pathophysiologic effects of the post-agricultural inversion of the potassium-to-sodium and base-to-chloride ratios in the human diet","volume":"40","author":"Frassetto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533610385702","article-title":"Paleolithic nutrition: twenty-five years later","volume":"25","author":"Konner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.01.012","article-title":"Achieving the benefits of a high-potassium, paleolithic diet, without the toxicity","volume":"91","author":"Palmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.36.7.864","article-title":"High K+ rapidly stimulates Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of three proteins concomitant with insulin secretion from HIT cells","volume":"36","author":"Oberwetter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00750111","article-title":"Comparison of insulin action on glucose versus potassium uptake in humans","volume":"6","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2828(95)90070-5","article-title":"Potassium regulation during exercise and recovery in humans: implications for skeletal and cardiac muscle","volume":"27","author":"Lindinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0006762021","article-title":"Extrarenal effects of aldosterone on potassium homeostasis","volume":"3","author":"Palmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08580813","article-title":"Regulation of potassium homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Palmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00121.2016","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium homeostasis","volume":"40","author":"Palmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Physiol Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000297","article-title":"Enriched single-nucleus RNA-sequencing reveals unique attributes of distal convoluted tubule cells","volume":"35","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.12.006","article-title":"Potassium modulates electrolyte balance and blood pressure through effects on distal cell voltage and chloride","volume":"21","author":"Terker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00049.2010","article-title":"Aldosterone paradox: differential regulation of ion transport in distal nephron","volume":"26","author":"Arroyo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.09.009","article-title":"Blood pressure effects of sodium transport along the distal nephron","volume":"102","author":"Casta\u00f1eda-Bueno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014050470","article-title":"The effect of WNK4 on the Na+-Cl- cotransporter is modulated by intracellular chloride","volume":"26","author":"Baz\u00faa-Valenti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7838","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1304592110","article-title":"Kelch-like 3 and Cullin 3 regulate electrolyte homeostasis via ubiquitination and degradation of WNK4","volume":"110","author":"Shibata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2018","article-title":"Regulation of the renal NaCl cotransporter and its role in potassium homeostasis","volume":"100","author":"Hoorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.222.2.421","article-title":"Potassium-induced inhibition of proximal tubular fluid reabsorption in rats","volume":"222","author":"Brandis","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F224","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00013.2023","article-title":"High dietary K+ intake inhibits proximal tubule transport","volume":"325","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F516","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1997.273.4.F516","article-title":"A conserved cytoplasmic region of ROMK modulates pH sensitivity, conductance, and gating","volume":"273","author":"Choe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib21","first-page":"F972","article-title":"pH-dependent modulation of the cloned renal K+ channel, ROMK","volume":"275","author":"McNicholas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10182","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.14.10182","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and intracellular pH regulate the ROMK1 potassium channel via separate but interrelated mechanisms","volume":"275","author":"Leung","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1159\/000517305","article-title":"Starvation ketosis and the kidney","volume":"52","author":"Palmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F377","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00193.2023","article-title":"Dietary anions control potassium excretion: it is more than a poorly absorbable anion effect","volume":"325","author":"Al-Qusairi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.130553","article-title":"Intercalated cell BK\u03b1 subunit is required for flow-induced K+ secretion","volume":"5","author":"Carrisoza-Gaytan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.101576","article-title":"Requirements for a high rate of potassium excretion in rats consuming a low electrolyte diet","volume":"572","author":"Cheema-Dhadli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110609","article-title":"Consequences of potassium recycling in the renal medulla: effects of ion transport by the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop","volume":"70","author":"Stokes","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F280","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00093.2015","article-title":"Vasopressin regulation of sodium transport in the distal nephron and collecting duct","volume":"309","author":"Kortenoeven","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.14","article-title":"Rapid dephosphorylation of the renal sodium chloride cotransporter in response to oral potassium intake in mice","volume":"83","author":"Sorensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib30","first-page":"R357","article-title":"Homeostatic potassium excretion in fed and fasted sheep","volume":"254","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F382","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00214.2023","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding the kidney circadian clock mechanism","volume":"326","author":"Juffre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904890106","article-title":"Molecular clock is involved in predictive circadian adjustment of renal function","volume":"106","author":"Zuber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2021","article-title":"Circadian clocks of the kidney: function, mechanism, and regulation","volume":"102","author":"Costello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"}],"container-title":["Kidney International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253826006150?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253826006150?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:33:57Z","timestamp":1792488837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0085253826006150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0085253826006150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0085-2538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0085-2538","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The teleologic basis of kidney potassium handling: a conceptual review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Kidney International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2026.04.046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}