{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:37:38Z","timestamp":1791106658463,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Chronic arsenic toxicity (arsenicosis) as a result of drinking arsenic\u2010contaminated groundwater is a major environmental health hazard throughout the world, including India. A lot of research on health effects, including genotoxic effect of chronic arsenic toxicity in humans, have been carried out in West Bengal during the last 2 decades. A review of literature including information available from West Bengal has been made to characterize the problem. Scientific journals, monographs, and proceedings of conferences with regard to human health effects, including genotoxicity, of chronic arsenic toxicity have been reviewed. Pigmentation and keratosis are the specific skin diseases characteristic of chronic arsenic toxicity. However, in West Bengal, it was found to produce various systemic manifestations, such as chronic lung disease, characterized by chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive and\/or restrictive pulmonary disease, and bronchiectasis; liver diseases, such as non cirrhotic portal fibrosis; polyneuropathy; peripheral vascular disease; hypertension; nonpitting edema of feet\/hands; conjunctival congestion; weakness; and anemia. High concentrations of arsenic, greater than or equal to 200 \u03bcg\/L, during pregnancy were found to be associated with a sixfold increased risk for stillbirth. Cancers of skin, lung, and urinary bladder are the important cancers associated with this toxicity. Of the various genotoxic effects of arsenic in humans, chromosomal aberration and increased frequency of micronuclei in different cell types have been found to be significant. Various probable mechanisms have been incriminated to cause DNA damage because of chronic arsenic toxicity. The results of the study in West Bengal suggest that deficiency in DNA repair capacity, perturbation of methylation of promoter region of p53 and p16 genes, and genomic methylation alteration may be involved in arsenic\u2010induced disease manifestation in humans. P53 polymorphism has been found to be associated with increased occurrence of arsenic\u2010induced keratosis. Of the various genes involved in the regulation of arsenic metabolism, single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, in one study, showed increased occurrence of arsenicosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]],"date-time":"2011-07-28T21:05:29Z","timestamp":1311887129000},"page":"360-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Chronic arsenic toxicity: Studies in West Bengal, India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Debendranath","family":"Guha Mazumder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.B.","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(02)00270-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"Chronic arsenic poisoning from tubewell water","volume":"82","author":"Garai R.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","volume-title":"Some drinking\u2010water disinfectants and contaminants, including arsenic. 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