{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:33:28Z","timestamp":1791221608209,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Dementia Society"},{"name":"Taiwanese Society of Geriatric Psychiatry"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and debilitating problems, but current treatments are limited. Antipsychotic agents show some efficacy on BPSD, but their use is limited by the associated risk of cerebrovascular events and mortality. Reports have shown the efficacy of mood stabilizers on BPSD, but systemic reviews on this issue are scant. This article aims to review studies of the efficacy of mood stabilizers on BPSD, and the quality of the available evidence. We searched for articles published in English during the period 1990 to 2010 and included in the PubMed database that concerned treatment of BPSD with mood stabilizers, such as carbamazepine, valproate, gabapentin, topiramate, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and lithium. The quality of the studies was assessed by considering the trial designs, analyses, subjects and results. We found one meta\u2010analysis and three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) supporting the efficacy of carbamazepine in managing global BPSD, particularly aggression and hostility. With regard to valproate, current evidence from one meta\u2010analysis and five RCTs did not strongly support its efficacy for global BPSD, including agitation and aggression. Only open trials or case series showed some efficacy of gabapentin, topiramate and lamotrigine in controlling BPSD. The single RCT investigating the effect of oxcarbazepine on agitation and aggression showed negative results. Case series reports on lithium tended to show it to be ineffective. Thus far, among mood stabilizers, carbamazepine has the most robust evidence of efficacy on BPSD. More RCTs are needed to strengthen evidence regarding the efficacy of gabapentin, topiramate and lamotrigine. Valproate, oxcarbazepine and lithium showed low or no evidence of efficacy. Large and well designed RCTs focusing on specific symptoms of BPSD are needed to deal with the issue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.10.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]],"date-time":"2012-02-14T06:32:48Z","timestamp":1329201168000},"page":"185-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Mood stabilizers for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: An update review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yi\u2010Chun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Chen","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199703)12:3<331::AID-GPS495>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.8.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200523030-00004"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Using antipsychotic agents in older patients","volume":"65","author":"Alexopoulos G.S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.Ballard J.Waite.The effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of aggression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006;1\u2013128","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003476.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Antipsychotics conventional and atypical. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)www.fda.gov.www.fda.gov\/Safety\/MedWatch\/SafetyInformation\/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts\/ucm110212.htm. [Accessed 10.02.10]."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Public Health Advisory: Deaths with antipsychotics in elderly patients with behavioral disturbances. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)www.fda.gov.www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders\/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals\/PublicHealthAdvisories\/ucm053171.htm. [Accessed 11.07.10]."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","volume-title":"Clinical epidemiology: how to do clinical practice research","author":"Haynes R.B.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070147"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986006002107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","first-page":"548","article-title":"Strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT): a patient\u2010centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature","volume":"69","author":"Ebell M.H.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200111000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199610)11:10<901::AID-GPS409>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","first-page":"505","article-title":"Carbamazepine in senile dementia and overactivity: a placebo, controlled double\u2010blind trial","volume":"10","author":"Chambers C.A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"IRCS Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Information for healthcare professionals: Dangerous or even fatal skin reactions \u2010 carbamazepine (marketed as Carbatrol Equetro Tegretol and generics). US Food and Drug Administrationwww.fda.gov.www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders\/ucm124718.htm. [Accessed 01.03.11]."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879300600404"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.7.3.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10401239709147789"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n0804"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379804300108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.11.4.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2007.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097757"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200102000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(01)80042-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200511000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.Lonergan J.Luxenberg.Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2009;1\u201345","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003945.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200623110-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200002000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0114f"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000132447.65972.3d"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200320140-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199702000-00015","article-title":"Gabapentin for behavioral agitation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Regan W.M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199813020-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_2","first-page":"422","article-title":"Gabapentin in geriatric psychiatry patients","volume":"43","author":"Sheldon L.J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199910000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10217"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:UROL.0000020338.21912.c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.12.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181ca0c59"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610203009554","article-title":"Treatment of aggressive behavior in dementia with the anticonvulsant topiramate: a retrospective pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Fhager B.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Cognitive effects of topiramate, gabapentin, and lamotrigine in healthy young adults","volume":"54","author":"Aldenkamp A.P.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00322.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.00516.x","article-title":"Effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognition","volume":"42","author":"Aldenkamp A.P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_2","volume-title":"Effectiveness and tolerability of lamotrigine for acute agitation and aggression in dementia","author":"Berkowitz A.L.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988704271762"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.7.1178"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000117431.83724.b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610208007898"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050059"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000199236"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-5050(03)00037-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000188819.45330.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198202000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Lithium and lecithin treatment in Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Randels P.M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hillside J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007125000120197"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementia","volume":"164","author":"Rabins P.V.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610207006540"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_2","first-page":"409","article-title":"Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)","volume":"34","author":"Pinheiro D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Encephale [article in French]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4140\/TCP.n.2007.1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-5-14"}],"container-title":["The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1607551X11002488?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1607551X11002488?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.10.025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T06:36:44Z","timestamp":1694673404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.10.025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.10.025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kjms.2011.10.025","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1607-551X","2410-8650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1607-551X","type":"print"},{"value":"2410-8650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]}}}