{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:11:32Z","timestamp":1792098692347,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]],"date-time":"2013-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]],"date-time":"2013-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,13]],"date-time":"2016-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":891,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kjms-online.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Vascular calcification is recognized as a common complication in some patients, such as chronic renal failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sodium thiosulfate (STS) for the transdifferentiation of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast\u2010like cells induced by high\u2010level phosphate. All human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were divided into STS group 1 (treatment with STS) and STS group 2 (culture in a medium containing a high level of phosphate). STS group 1 included a normal group, a high\u2010level phosphate group, and other subgroups based on treatment with different concentrations of STS. Cells of STS group 2 were cultured in a medium containing a high level of phosphate for 72 hours, and then divided into a high\u2010phosphate control group and other subgroups based on treatment with different concentrations of STS. The mRNA and protein expressions of bone morphogenetic protein\u20102 (BMP\u20102), core binding factor \u03b1\u20101 (Cbf\u03b1\u20101), and matrix Gla protein (MGP) were detected. Meanwhile, calcium concentration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activation were measured. In STS group 1, the mRNA levels of BMP\u20102 and Cbf\u03b1\u20101 were elevated significantly in the high\u2010level phosphate group compared with the normal group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, both gene expressions were attenuated in the STS\u2010treated groups (vs. normal group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). MGP mRNA levels were reduced in the high\u2010level phosphate group (vs. normal group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In the STS\u2010treated groups, mRNA expression of MGP was elevated compared to the high\u2010level phosphate group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In STS group 2, expression of MGP was enhanced significantly (vs. high\u2010phosphate control group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) with both BMP\u20102 and Cbf\u03b1\u20101 reducing in the STS\u2010treated groups (vs. high\u2010phosphate\u2010control group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). STS attenuates calcium concentration and ALP activation. It can reverse osteoblast differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and modulate the expressions of calcification\u2010related factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2013.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]],"date-time":"2013-09-05T05:30:28Z","timestamp":1378359028000},"page":"587-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sodium thiosulfate protects human aortic smooth muscle cells from osteoblastic transdifferentiation via high\u2010level phosphate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.2.336"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hy1001.096358"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01781-8","article-title":"Cardiac calcification in adult hemodialysis patients. 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