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We investigated the roles of TLR7 in the activation of apoptosis in UC cells after BCG treatment. The <jats:italic>in\u2009vitro<\/jats:italic> cytotoxicity effect of BCG on UC cells was measured by a modified 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazo\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyl tetrazolium assay. Expressions of TLR7 mRNA and protein in native UC cells prior to and after BCG treatment were analyzed using real\u2010time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot methods. Phagocytotic processes after BCG treatment in UC cells were observed microscopically using a specific immunostain, subsequent cellular apoptosis\u2010related signals induced by TLR7 were analyzed by western blot. Low\u2010grade UC cells, TSGH8301, showed significant cellular death (4.23\u2010fold higher than the high\u2010grade UC cells T24 and J82) when treated with BCG and the BCG cytotoxicity was displayed in a dose\u2013time\u2010dependent manner. TSGH8301 cells had the highest content of TLR7 mRNA, 7.2\u2010 and 4.5\u2010fold higher than that of T24 and J82 cells, respectively. TLR7 protein expression was also significantly increased in TSGH8301 cells. Phagocytosis\u2010related markers, including beclin 1, ATG2, and LC3, were increased when TSGH8301 cells were treated by BCG. Interleukin\u20101 receptor\u2010associated kinases 2 and 4 were also increased markedly in TSGH8301 cells. On the contrary, cellular apoptosis of TSGH8301 cells decreased by 34% when TLR7 activation was suppressed by the TLR antagonist IRS661 after BCG treatment. Our findings suggest that well differentiated TCC cells have higher expression of TLR7 and BCG can drive cellular death of TCC cells directly via TLR7 activation and related apoptotic pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2015.05.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T02:19:54Z","timestamp":1435198794000},"page":"391-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Bacille Calmette\u2010Guerin can induce cellular apoptosis of urothelial cancer directly through toll\u2010like receptor 7 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