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Those TBI patients receiving in\u2010hospital rehabilitation in the Department of Rehabilitation in a medical center of South Taiwan from 2010 to 2015 were assigned into two groups: A and B. All patients entered the multidisciplinary holistic in\u2010patient rehabilitation training for about 1 month. Patients in Group A received decompressive craniectomy (DC), patients in Group B received DC and cranioplasty. All assessments were arranged right on admission and before discharge. The functional activity evaluation included muscle power and Barthel index (BI), and cognitive function evaluation, including the Rancho Los Amigo Scale, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Community Mental State Examination (CMSE), and the Luria\u2010Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery\u2010Screening Test Short Form (LNNBS). The results showed that there were synergetic effects of cranioplasty on post\u2010TBI patients with rehabilitation training, especially in the BI score, and cognitive improvement in CMSE and LNNBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2017.05.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T22:15:18Z","timestamp":1496355318000},"page":"344-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The effect of cranioplasty in cognitive and functional improvement: Experience of post traumatic brain injury inpatient rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jyong\u2010Huei","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Hsin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nai\u2010Wen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Fen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyuan\u2010Fong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao\u2010Hsiung","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1090013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0982","article-title":"Recovery of cognitive function during comprehensive rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"44","author":"Le\u00f3n\u2010Carri\u00f3n J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"297","article-title":"The establishment of cerebral hernia as a decompressive measure for inaccessible brain tumors: with the description of intramuscular methods of making the bone defect in temporal and occipital regions","volume":"1","author":"Cushing H.","year":"1905","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193910000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.17pt1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2012.692838","article-title":"Unexpected neuropsychological improvement after cranioplasty: a case series study","volume":"26","author":"Di Stefano C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"273","article-title":"Effect of cranioplasty on functional and neuropsychological recovery after severe acquired brain injury: fact or fake? 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