{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T10:35:56Z","timestamp":1768818956041,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["thekneejournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Knee"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T18:03:14Z","timestamp":1395943394000},"page":"703-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy of passive extension mobilization in addition to exercise in the osteoarthritic knee: An observational parallel-group study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Olaf","family":"Kappetijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emiel","family":"van Trijffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cees","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0005","first-page":"CD004286","article-title":"Exercise for OA of the hip and knee","volume":"3","author":"Fransen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0010","first-page":"114","article-title":"Knee OA compromises early function, the women health and aging study","volume":"1","author":"Ling","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.011742","article-title":"EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT)","volume":"62","author":"Jordan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.2.91","article-title":"Knee pain and osteoarthritis in older adults: a review of community burden and current use of health care","volume":"60","author":"Peat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0025","first-page":"2271","article-title":"Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the United States: arthritis data from the third National Nutrition Examination Survey 1991\u20131994","volume":"33","author":"Dillon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0030","author":"RIVM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B3.3584192","article-title":"Effect of knee replacement on flexion deformity","volume":"69","author":"Tew","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (B)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2006.11.009","article-title":"The role of flexion contracture on outcomes in primary total knee arthroplasty","volume":"22","author":"Ritter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500407","article-title":"Infrapatellar contracture syndrome. An unrecognized cause of knee stiffness with patella entrapment and patella infera","volume":"15","author":"Paulos","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0050","first-page":"543","article-title":"Self-management in osteoarthritis of hip or knee: a randomized clinical trial in a primary healthcare setting","volume":"32","author":"Heuts","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0055","article-title":"KNGF guideline physical therapy on hip and knee osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"Peter","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.12.1301","article-title":"Physical therapy treatment effectiveness for osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized comparison of supervised clinical exercise and manual therapy procedures versus a home exercise program","volume":"85","author":"Deyle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-3-200002010-00002","article-title":"Effectiveness of manual physical therapy and exercise in osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"132","author":"Deyle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.02.009","article-title":"The initial effects of knee joint mobilization on osteoarthritic hyperalgesia","volume":"12","author":"Moss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0075","first-page":"229","article-title":"The effect of a manual therapy protocol on osteoarthritic knee pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Pollard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Can Chir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.10.011","article-title":"Manual therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee \u2014 a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"French","year":"2011","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0085","first-page":"11","article-title":"Strength training alone, and exercise therapy with passive manual mobilisation each reduce pain and disability in people with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Jansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0090","article-title":"The care and management of osteoarthritis in adults","author":"Clinical guideline of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) CG59","year":"2008","journal-title":"National collaborating centre for chronic conditions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80325-5","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of osteoarthritis in population studies whither Kellgren and Lawrence?","volume":"1","author":"Spector","year":"1993","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.11.790","article-title":"Definition of OA of the knee for epidemiological studies","volume":"52","author":"Spector","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0110","series-title":"Peripheral manipulation","author":"Maitland","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2009.01.005","article-title":"The convex\u2013concave rule and the lever law","volume":"14","author":"Schomacher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0120","first-page":"224","article-title":"The knee","volume":"43","author":"Norkin","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/63.10.1611","article-title":"Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting","volume":"63","author":"Rothstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/71.2.90","article-title":"Reliability of goniometric measurements and visual estimates of knee range of motion in a clinical setting","volume":"71","author":"Watkins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0135","first-page":"223","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability for measurements of passive physiological movements in lower extremity joints is generally low: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Van Trijfel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-6-16","article-title":"The Dutch version of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score: a validation study","volume":"6","author":"de Groot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.8.820","article-title":"The Patient-Specific Functional Scale: measurement properties in patients with knee dysfunction","volume":"77","author":"Chatman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102","article-title":"Guidelines for the six-minute walk test","volume":"166","author":"Statement","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22244","article-title":"Course of functional status and pain in osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"van Dijk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.067975","article-title":"Predicting poor functional outcome in community-dwelling older adults with knee pain: prognostic value of generic indicators","volume":"66","author":"Mallen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.053538","article-title":"Body Mass Index associated with onset and progression of osteoarthritis of the knee but not the hip, The Rotterdam Study","volume":"66","author":"Reijman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11006","article-title":"Examination of exercise effects on knee osteoarthritis outcomes: why should the local mechanical environment be considered","volume":"49","author":"Sharma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11420","article-title":"Physical functioning over three years in knee osteoarthritis: role of psychosocial, local mechanical and neuromuscular factors","volume":"48","author":"Sharma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1361::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"42","author":"van Baar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20685","article-title":"Comparison of manual therapy and exercise therapy in osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Hoeksma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-116","article-title":"The discordance between clinical and radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a systematic search and summary of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Bedson","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2006.12.110","article-title":"Management of flexion contracture in total knee arthroplasty","volume":"22","author":"Scuderi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"}],"container-title":["The Knee"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0968016014000568?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0968016014000568?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]],"date-time":"2020-08-16T22:44:10Z","timestamp":1597617850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0968016014000568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0968016014000568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0968-0160"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0968-0160","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy of passive extension mobilization in addition to exercise in the osteoarthritic knee: An observational parallel-group study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Knee","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2014.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}