{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:53:18Z","timestamp":1793332398878,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thekneejournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Knee"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T03:18:17Z","timestamp":1752808697000},"page":"546-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Myostatin induces subchondral bone destruction and cartilage matrix degradation through upregulation of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway during patellofemoral osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Shengyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengjun","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanwei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuesi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songfeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.09.009","article-title":"International patellofemoral osteoarthritis consortium: consensus statement on the diagnosis, burden, outcome measures, prognosis, risk factors and treatment","volume":"47","author":"van Middelkoop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.03.016","article-title":"Does isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis matter?","volume":"17","author":"Duncan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.05.011","article-title":"The prevalence of patellofemoral osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097515","article-title":"The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Hart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-03965-8","article-title":"Early patellofemoral articular cartilage degeneration in a rat model of patellar instability is associated with activation of the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-022-04266-4","article-title":"Muscle strength and osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"52","author":"Patterson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02229-4","article-title":"Outcome and experience of arthroscopic lateral retinacular release combined with lateral patelloplasty in the management of excessive lateral pressure syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2025.04.037","article-title":"Increased femoral anteversion correlates with elevated patellofemoral contact pressures","author":"Shatrov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0045","article-title":"High-grade trochlear dysplasia increases patellofemoral joint pressure and decreases the knee extension torque, and tibial tubercle anteriorisation does not correct these effects: biomechanical study in vitro","author":"Dan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.3987","article-title":"Trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics, hip strength, and gluteal muscle activation during a single-leg squat in males and females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318256903a","article-title":"Frontal plane biomechanics in males and females with and without patellofemoral pain","volume":"44","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2885","article-title":"Differences in hip kinematics, muscle strength, and muscle activation between subjects with and without patellofemoral pain","volume":"39","author":"Souza","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.01.013","article-title":"Muscle activation, strength, and volume in people with patellofemoral osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Siqueira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170875","article-title":"Quadriceps weakness and risk of knee cartilage loss seen on magnetic resonance imaging in a population-based cohort with knee pain","volume":"46","author":"Chin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24182","article-title":"Quadriceps strength and the risk of cartilage loss and symptom progression in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"60","author":"Amin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0080","first-page":"291","article-title":"Surface changes in the articular cartilage of rabbit knee during immobilization. A scanning electron microscopic study of experimental osteoarthritis","volume":"88","author":"Candolin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234032","article-title":"Myokines and microbiota: new perspectives in the endocrine muscle\u2013gut axis","volume":"16","author":"Saponaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2022.2074056","article-title":"Myostain is involved in ginsenoside Rb1-mediated anti-obesity","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0095","first-page":"267","article-title":"PI3 kinase regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy","volume":"346","author":"Glass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201310035","article-title":"Wnt7a stimulates myogenic stem cell motility and engraftment resulting in improved muscle strength","volume":"205","author":"Bentzinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3917","article-title":"Myostatin is a direct regulator of osteoclast differentiation and its inhibition reduces inflammatory joint destruction in mice","volume":"21","author":"Dankbar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01667-4","article-title":"Sodium hyaluronate and acupotomy bone decompression alleviates inflammatory responses in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113703","article-title":"Inflammatory process on knee osteoarthritis in cyclists","volume":"12","author":"Noriega-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1705-8","article-title":"Biological aspects of early osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Madry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218089","article-title":"Microenvironment in subchondral bone: predominant regulator for the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"80","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00834-3","article-title":"Biochemical and morphological abnormalities of subchondral bone and their association with cartilage degeneration in spontaneous osteoarthritis","volume":"109","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.916254","article-title":"Estrogen modulates cartilage and subchondral bone remodeling in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S475829","article-title":"Acupotomy ameliorates KOA related chondrocyte premature senescence through YAP\/FOXD1 pathway","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100100107","article-title":"The reliability of the Mankin score for osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"van der Sluijs","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1187-7","article-title":"Smad-dependent mechanisms of inflammatory bone destruction","volume":"18","author":"Fennen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C365","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00039.2023","article-title":"Autonomic nervous regulation of cellular processes during subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis","volume":"325","author":"R\u00f6sch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2012.760549","article-title":"The potential protective effects of calcitonin involved in coordinating chondrocyte response, extracellular matrix, and subchondral trabecular bone in experimental osteoarthritis","volume":"54","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R152","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3103","article-title":"Subchondral bone microstructural damage by increased remodelling aggravates experimental osteoarthritis preceded by osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Bellido","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1340089","article-title":"Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity through Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in the zebrafish scale","volume":"12","author":"Kobayashi-Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07460-x","article-title":"KLF9-GRK5-HDAC6 axis aggravates osteoarthritis pathogenesis by promoting chondrocyte extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13623","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413623","article-title":"Maintaining the cartilage phenotype of late-passage chondrocytes using salidroside, TGF-\u03b2, and sulfated alginate for cartilage tissue engineering applications","volume":"25","author":"Diab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021_b0185","first-page":"4250","article-title":"Lei\u2019s formula attenuates osteoarthritis mediated by suppression of chondrocyte senescence via the mTOR axis: in vitro and in vivo experiments","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"}],"container-title":["The Knee"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0968016025001760?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0968016025001760?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:25:14Z","timestamp":1761395114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0968016025001760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0968016025001760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0968-0160"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0968-0160","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Myostatin induces subchondral bone destruction and cartilage matrix degradation through upregulation of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway during patellofemoral osteoarthritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Knee","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2025.06.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}