{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:59:20Z","timestamp":1790373560397,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR133232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR133232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T038594\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T038594\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Africa"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T19:03:49Z","timestamp":1779735829000},"page":"100069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Assessment of point-of-care creatinine testing in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study in Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5016-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katy","family":"Kuhrt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossetta","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"M\u2019Bayoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana","family":"Squire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6924-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alhaji","family":"Kamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1840-755X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Ganyaglo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Coker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7149-2899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Beardmore-Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ridout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Fernandez-Turienzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1456-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackie","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8489-1511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adetunji","family":"Adeniji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy C.","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5273-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Shennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Bramham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2023.151317","article-title":"Pregnancy-associated acute kidney injury in low-resource settings: progress over the last decade","volume":"42","author":"Davidson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2011.32","article-title":"Section 2: AKI definition","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.379","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Coca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.405","article-title":"Increased risk of death and de novo chronic kidney disease following reversible acute kidney injury","volume":"81","author":"Bucaloiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.280","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease following acute kidney injury\u2014risk and outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11161","article-title":"Risk of preeclampsia and pregnancy complications in women with a history of acute kidney injury","volume":"72","author":"Tangren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01529.x","article-title":"Assessment of glomerular filtration rate during pregnancy using the MDRD formula","volume":"115","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2016-021","article-title":"Physiological changes in pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"Soma-Pillay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.10.015","article-title":"Serum creatinine in pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Wiles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-025-00979-6","article-title":"Pregnancy-associated acute kidney injury \u2014 consensus report of the 32nd Acute Disease Quality Initiative workgroup","volume":"21","author":"Nelson-Piercy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.05.006","article-title":"Evaluation of rapid point-of-care creatinine testing in the radiology service of a large academic medical center: impact on clinical operations and patient disposition","volume":"413","author":"Lee-Lewandrowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003408","article-title":"Recognition and management of community-acquired acute kidney injury in low-resource settings in the ISN 0by25 trial: a multi-country feasibility study","volume":"18","author":"Macedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae286","article-title":"Point-of-care serum creatinine testing-why, when, where?","volume":"40","author":"Fabian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib14","series-title":"Gender data portal: Sierra Leone","year":"2025"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16309","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of pregnancy-related death across ten low- and middle-income geographical regions: secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"127","author":"Vousden","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPQ5KTKAGSSCFN","article-title":"Medical laboratories in sub-Saharan Africa that meet international quality standards","volume":"141","author":"Schroeder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07587-4","article-title":"CRADLE-5: a stepped-wedge type 2 hybrid implementation-effectiveness cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the real-world scale-up of the CRADLE vital signs alert intervention into routine maternity care in Sierra Leone\u2014Study protocol","volume":"24","author":"Ridout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13626","article-title":"Shock index thresholds to predict adverse outcomes in maternal hemorrhage and sepsis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Nathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-022-01349-2","article-title":"Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury in the African continent: where do we stand? A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Shalaby","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.06.025","article-title":"Analytical and clinical performance of three hand-held point-of-care creatinine analyzers for renal function measurements prior to contrast-enhanced imaging","volume":"497","author":"van der Heijden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13089","article-title":"Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury in preeclampsia: risk factors and renal outcomes","volume":"74","author":"Conti-Ramsden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO): KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"7624","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21196-z","article-title":"Inequalities in total fertility rate in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019","volume":"25","author":"Osborne","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076256","article-title":"Causes of maternal deaths in Sierra Leone from 2016 to 2019: analysis of districts\u2019 maternal death surveillance and response data","volume":"14","author":"Shafiq","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.648","article-title":"Comparison of predictor approaches for longitudinal binary outcomes: application to anesthesiology data","volume":"2","author":"Aktas Samur","year":"2014","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib28","article-title":"Reducing the gap of chronic kidney disease in low- and middle-income countries: what is missing?","volume":"28","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.17948","article-title":"Serum creatinine levels before, during, and after pregnancy","volume":"321","author":"Harel","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib30","article-title":"Acute kidney injury duration and 20-year risks of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Jensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1402-9","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46314","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of patients with pregnancy-related end-stage kidney disease","volume":"6","author":"Kucirka","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2025.04.017","article-title":"A nationwide register-based cohort study examined the association between preeclampsia in mothers and the risk of kidney disease in their offspring","volume":"108","author":"Lihme","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Africa"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S3050501126000507?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S3050501126000507?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:08:25Z","timestamp":1790370505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S3050501126000507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S3050501126000507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069","relation":{},"ISSN":["3050-5011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3050-5011","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessment of point-of-care creatinine testing in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study in Sierra Leone","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Africa","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanafr.2026.100069","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100069"}}