{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:04:34Z","timestamp":1790283874385,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRD-1511\\u201333321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRD-1511\\u201333321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3MH137353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3MH137353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH114981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH114981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH 083660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH 083660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH114970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH114970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH114969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH114969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH083648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH083648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH114980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH114980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH083643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH083643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH122686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH122686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH114966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH114966"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Healthy Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T17:55:21Z","timestamp":1762970121000},"page":"100767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cognitive changes in older adults receiving pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: a secondary analysis of the OPTIMUM randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hanadi A","family":"Oughli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6340-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Ainsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meryl A","family":"Butters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Anne","family":"Gebara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torie R","family":"Gettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan F","family":"Karp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9990-5085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Lavretsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Lenard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Philip","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit H","family":"Mulsant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginger E","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"3rd","given":"Charles F","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Yingling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J","family":"Lenze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.16305","article-title":"Bidirectional associations of depressive symptoms and cognitive function over time","volume":"7","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00291-8","article-title":"Associations between white matter microstructure and cognitive decline in major depressive disorder versus controls in Germany: a prospective case-control cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Flinkenfl\u00fcgel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0514-6","article-title":"Mechanisms and treatment of late-life depression","volume":"9","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230392","article-title":"Cognitive outcomes after antidepressant pharmacotherapy for late-life depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"181","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-148006","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in the acute and remitted states of late-life depression","volume":"45","author":"Koenig","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00308-6","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of augmentation pharmacotherapy with aripiprazole for treatment-resistant depression in late life: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"386","author":"Lenze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204462","article-title":"Antidepressant augmentation versus switch in treatment-resistant geriatric depression","volume":"388","author":"Lenze","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2022.11.013","article-title":"Intravenous ketamine for late-life treatment-resistant depression: a pilot study of tolerability, safety, clinical benefits, and effect on cognition","volume":"31","author":"Oughli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20231022","article-title":"Late-life depression, antidepressant treatment, and cognition: the short haul and the long haul","volume":"181","author":"Steffens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.07.038","article-title":"The role of monoamines in the actions of established and \u201cnovel\u201d antidepressant agents: a critical review","volume":"500","author":"Millan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.04.012","article-title":"Cognitive predictors of treatment response to bupropion and cognitive effects of bupropion in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"160","author":"Herrera-Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.090217","article-title":"Changes in neuropsychological functioning following treatment for late-life generalised anxiety disorder","volume":"199","author":"Butters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.900","article-title":"Efficacy of duloxetine on cognition, depression, and pain in elderly patients with major depressive disorder: an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"164","author":"Raskin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyac054","article-title":"Effect of vortioxetine on cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610223000844","article-title":"Impact of psychotropic medications on cognition among older adults: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Chandramouleeshwaran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.8.1110","article-title":"Serum anticholinergicity in elderly depressed patients treated with paroxetine or nortriptyline","volume":"155","author":"Pollock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(02)00085-7","article-title":"Persistence of cognitive impairment in geriatric patients following antidepressant treatment: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial with nortriptyline and paroxetine","volume":"37","author":"Nebes","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.04.005","article-title":"Optimizing Outcomes of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Older Adults (OPTIMUM): study design and treatment characteristics of the first 396 participants randomized","volume":"27","author":"Cristancho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03209-x","article-title":"Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations","volume":"30","author":"Moguilner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200412000-00006","article-title":"Monitoring depression treatment outcomes with the patient health questionnaire-9","volume":"42","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.032532","article-title":"Development and reliability of a structured interview guide for the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (SIGMA)","volume":"192","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib22","first-page":"S54","article-title":"Cognition assessment using the NIH Toolbox","volume":"80","author":"Weintraub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib23","series-title":"NIH Toolbox scoring and interpretation guide","author":"Slotkin","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2023.02.008","article-title":"Treatment-resistant late-life depression: a review of clinical features, neuropsychology, neurobiology, and treatment","volume":"46","author":"Subramanian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2015.05.010","article-title":"A meta-analysis of executive dysfunction and antidepressant treatment response in late-life depression","volume":"24","author":"Pimontel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071714-034054","article-title":"An integrative model of the maturation of cognitive control","volume":"38","author":"Luna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7316","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4284-11.2012","article-title":"Striatal dopamine D2\/D3 receptors mediate response inhibition and related activity in frontostriatal neural circuitry in humans","volume":"32","author":"Ghahremani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.12.006","article-title":"Dopamine and cognitive control in prefrontal cortex","volume":"23","author":"Ott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2022.101100","article-title":"Contributions of dopamine-related basal ganglia neurophysiology to the developmental effects of incentives on inhibitory control","volume":"54","author":"Parr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.3447","article-title":"Predictors and moderators of remission with aripiprazole augmentation in treatment-resistant late-life depression: an analysis of the IRL-GRey randomized clinical trial","volume":"73","author":"Kaneriya","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib31","first-page":"295","article-title":"Effects of nortriptyline on memory self-assessment and performance in recovered elderly depressives","volume":"27","author":"Meyers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199006000-00025","article-title":"The effects of nortriptyline on cognition in elderly depressed patients","volume":"10","author":"Hoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01737.x","article-title":"Anticholinergic activity of 107 medications commonly used by older adults","volume":"56","author":"Chew","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4507","article-title":"Anticholinergic effect on cognition (AEC) of drugs commonly used in older people","volume":"32","author":"Bishara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02087-6","article-title":"Lithium produces bi-directionally regulation of mood disturbance, acts synergistically with anti-depressive\/-manic agents, and did not deteriorate the cognitive impairment in murine model of bipolar disorder","volume":"12","author":"Zhuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16010074","article-title":"Long-term lithium therapy: side effects and interactions","volume":"16","author":"Ferensztajn-Rochowiak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Healthy Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666756825000868?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666756825000868?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:56:08Z","timestamp":1790283368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666756825000868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666756825000868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-7568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-7568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cognitive changes in older adults receiving pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: a secondary analysis of the OPTIMUM randomised controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Healthy Longevity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100767","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100767"}}