{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T21:20:14Z","timestamp":1787606414760,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000377","name":"Vivensa Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECRF24\\u22164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECRF24\\u22164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Healthy Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T19:55:49Z","timestamp":1786046149000},"page":"100875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of dyadic interventions in improving outcomes for adults with multiple long-term conditions or frailty and their informal carers: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0326-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella","family":"Arakelyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7463-8977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Lillekroken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mozhu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7914-1370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Gilarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2319-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Modig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan D","family":"Shenkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Manthorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Guthrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly110","article-title":"Frailty and multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Vetrano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.10.008","article-title":"Frailty and multimorbidity: two related yet different concepts","volume":"95","author":"Villacampa-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5044","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245044","article-title":"A methodological approach for implementing an integrated multimorbidity care model: results from the pre-implementation stage of joint action CHRODIS-PLUS","volume":"16","author":"Palmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057017","article-title":"Variation in the estimated prevalence of multimorbidity: systematic review and meta-analysis of 193 international studies","volume":"12","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx201","article-title":"Projections of multi-morbidity in the older population in England to 2035: estimates from the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) model","volume":"47","author":"Kingston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60240-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study","volume":"380","author":"Barnett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp20X713897","article-title":"Impact of multimorbidity on healthcare costs and utilisation: a systematic review of the UK literature","volume":"71","author":"Soley-Bori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00376-4","article-title":"Multimorbidity","volume":"8","author":"Skou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2019.1626125","article-title":"Experiences and support needs of informal caregivers of people with multimorbidity: a scoping literature review","volume":"35","author":"Price","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NNR.0000313499.99851.0c","article-title":"Conceptual challenges in the study of caregiver-care recipient relationships","volume":"57","author":"Lingler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib12","series-title":"Interpersonal relations: a theory of interdependence","author":"Kelley","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"08","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840717745669","article-title":"The theory of dyadic illness management","volume":"24","author":"Lyons","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fam Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2024.2307534","article-title":"Compendium of dyadic intervention techniques (DITs) to change health behaviours: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Di Maio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2022.100104","article-title":"Effectiveness and moderators of cancer patient-caregiver dyad interventions in improving psychological distress: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2019.1694117","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of dyadic psychological interventions for BPSD, quality of life and\/or caregiver burden in dementia or MCI","volume":"45","author":"Poon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/15509","article-title":"Dyadic psychosocial eHealth interventions: systematic scoping review","volume":"22","author":"Shaffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17144966","article-title":"The effectiveness of a dyadic pain management program for community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-022-00911-5","article-title":"Effectiveness of a community-integrated intermediary care (CIIC) service model to enhance family-based long-term care for Thai older adults in Chiang Mai, Thailand: a cluster-randomized controlled trial TCTR20190412004","volume":"20","author":"Aung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib20","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333728","article-title":"Effectiveness of dyadic interventions in improving outcomes for adults with multiple long-term conditions and\/or frailty and their informal carers: a systematic review protocol","volume":"21","author":"Arakelyan","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib24","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib25","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmed-2016-110577","article-title":"Grading the quality of evidence in complex interventions: a guide for evidence-based practitioners","volume":"22","author":"Murad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid Based Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.09.012","article-title":"Outcomes for family carers of a nurse-delivered hospital discharge intervention for older people (the Further Enabling Care at Home Program): single blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Toye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1085-3","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention to support caregivers of older people discharged from hospital","volume":"19","author":"Youens","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.11.006","article-title":"Multifactorial fall prevention for pairs of frail community-dwelling older fallers and their informal caregivers: a dead end for complex interventions in the frailest fallers","volume":"12","author":"Faes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05209-x","article-title":"Family caregiver skills training to improve experiences of care: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Van Houtven","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860620943673","article-title":"Impacts of post-hospitalization accessible health technology and caregiver support on 90-day acute care use and self-care assistance: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Piette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.6620.4104","article-title":"Efficacy of a Hospital Discharge Transition Plan in the care competence of patients with chronic conditions and their family caregivers: a clinical trial","volume":"32","author":"Estrada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e283","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa043","article-title":"Systematic review of exercise for caregiver\u2013care recipient dyads: what is best for spousal caregivers-exercising together or not at all?","volume":"61","author":"Doyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2025.103943","article-title":"Patient and informal caregiver-centered nursing interventions for adults with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Yingnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2025.105584","article-title":"Effects of dyadic psychosocial education on people living with cognitive impairment and their informal caregivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Ni","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264316660414","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing carer focused and dyadic multicomponent interventions for carers of people with dementia","volume":"29","author":"Laver","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e629","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00190-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of holistic assessment-based interventions for adults with multiple long-term conditions and frailty: an umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"4","author":"Arakelyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad132","article-title":"Complex interventions for improving independent living and quality of life amongst community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Ho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/01410768241233109","article-title":"Reporting and representation of underserved groups in intervention studies for patients with multiple long-term conditions: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Kayani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib40","article-title":"A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"374","author":"Skivington","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2178","article-title":"A core outcome set for multimorbidity research (COSmm)","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02993-w","article-title":"An international Delphi consensus process to determine a common data element and core outcome set for frailty: FOCUS (The Frailty Outcomes Consensus Project)","volume":"22","author":"Prorok","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Healthy Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666756826000590?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666756826000590?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:27:14Z","timestamp":1787603234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666756826000590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666756826000590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-7568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-7568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of dyadic interventions in improving outcomes for adults with multiple long-term conditions or frailty and their informal carers: a systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Healthy Longevity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100875","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100875"}}