{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:15:13Z","timestamp":1787649313104,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG072972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG056519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG056519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Healthy Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:28:12Z","timestamp":1785886092000},"page":"100882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence of dementia after age 90 years and association with APOE genotype, race, and sex in the USA: the LifeAfter90 prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4033-975X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary L","family":"Colbeth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8168-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria M","family":"Corrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Mungas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Gilsanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen M","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reham","family":"Gaied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia H","family":"Kawas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"DeCarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A","family":"Whitmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30677-2","article-title":"Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"396","author":"Vollset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000310773.65918.cd","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia after age 90: Results from the 90+ study","volume":"71","author":"Corrada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.209","article-title":"Incidence of AD may decline in the early 90s for men, later for women: the Cache County study","volume":"58","author":"Miech","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21915","article-title":"Dementia incidence continues to increase with age in the oldest old: the 90+ study","volume":"67","author":"Corrada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.09.083","article-title":"Incidence of dementia in the oldest-old and its relationship with age: the Monzino 80-plus population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Lucca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.12.007","article-title":"Inequalities in dementia incidence between six racial and ethnic groups over 14 years","volume":"12","author":"Mayeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000747","article-title":"Cognitive aging in black and white Americans: cognition, cognitive decline, and incidence of Alzheimer disease dementia","volume":"29","author":"Weuve","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.12.006","article-title":"Incidence of dementia after age 90 in a multiracial cohort","volume":"15","author":"Gilsanz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003289","article-title":"Age and the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease: A cerebrospinal fluid biomarker-based case-control study","volume":"17","author":"Saddiki","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02368-0","article-title":"Assessing cognitive impairment in an ethnically diverse cohort of oldest-old: the life after 90 study","volume":"35","author":"Petrosyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/22.172","article-title":"Comparing Kaiser Permanente members to the general population: implications for generalizability of research","volume":"27","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib12","first-page":"314","article-title":"The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination","volume":"48","author":"Teng","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a","article-title":"The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules","volume":"43","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/37.3.323","article-title":"Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community","volume":"37","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M85","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85","article-title":"A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission","volume":"49","author":"Guralnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000615\/30)19:11\/12<1495::AID-SIM441>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Computing estimates of incidence, including lifetime risk: Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study. The Practical Incidence Estimators (PIE) macro","volume":"19","author":"Beiser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7547","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14217","article-title":"Gender differences in the association between education and late-life cognitive function in the LifeAfter90 Study: a multiethnic cohort of the oldest-old","volume":"20","author":"Lam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000090252","article-title":"Incidence of dementia in very elderly individuals: a clinical, neuropathological and molecular genetic study","volume":"26","author":"Polvikoski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70820","article-title":"Does education promote resilience and brain health in those with exceptional longevity? The LifeAfter90 study","volume":"21","author":"Rizvi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001831","article-title":"Multiple pathologies are common and related to dementia in the oldest-old: the 90+ Study","volume":"85","author":"Kawas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00463-8","article-title":"Vascular dementia","volume":"386","author":"O'Brien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0764-y","article-title":"Prediction of clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, vascular, mixed, and all-cause dementia by a polygenic risk score and APOE status in a community-based cohort prospectively followed over 17 years","volume":"26","author":"Stocker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.2.412","article-title":"APOE \u03b54 does not predict mortality, cognitive decline, or dementia in the oldest old","volume":"54","author":"Juva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.12.004","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E genotype, dementia, and mortality in the oldest old: the 90+ Study","volume":"9","author":"Corrada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.2188","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E genotype and sex risk factors for Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Neu","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib27","article-title":"Dementia, cognitive impairment in Nigerians aged 90 years or older: a 20-year follow up of survivors of Ibadan study of aging cohort","volume":"38","author":"Baiyewu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00740-0","article-title":"The association of APOE \u03b54 with cognitive function over the adult life course and incidence of dementia: 20 years follow-up of the Whitehall II study","volume":"13","author":"Gharbi-Meliani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000343853.00346.a4","article-title":"APOE \u03b52 is associated with intact cognition but increased Alzheimer pathology in the oldest old","volume":"72","author":"Berlau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882_bib30","article-title":"Neuropathology in the LifeAfter90 Study: 2024 update on an ethnically diverse cohort study of oldest-old","volume":"20","author":"Dugger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Healthy Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666756826000668?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666756826000668?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:27:24Z","timestamp":1787603244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666756826000668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666756826000668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-7568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-7568","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Incidence of dementia after age 90 years and association with APOE genotype, race, and sex in the USA: the LifeAfter90 prospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Healthy Longevity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100882","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanhl.2026.100896","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100882"}}