{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:42:15Z","timestamp":1792082535051,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1801300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1801300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Microbe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T20:00:30Z","timestamp":1771963230000},"page":"101351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Spillover of pseudorabies virus variants to humans: an urgent call for pseudorabies eradication in domestic pigs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tong-Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Hui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongling","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Dong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.3.462-500.2005","article-title":"Molecular biology of pseudorabies virus: impact on neurovirology and veterinary medicine","volume":"69","author":"Pomeranz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib2","series-title":"Diseases of swine","first-page":"615","article-title":"Herpesviruses","author":"Mettenleiter","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib3","first-page":"99","article-title":"Aujeszky\u2019s disease (pseudorabies) virus: the virus and molecular pathogenesis--state of the art, June 1999","volume":"31","author":"Mettenleiter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1080-2","article-title":"Pseudorabies virus in wild swine: a global perspective","volume":"156","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.05.001","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Belgian pseudorabies virus isolates from domestic swine and wild boar","volume":"172","author":"Verpoest","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102254","article-title":"Pseudorabies virus associations in wild animals: review of potential reservoirs for cross-host transmission","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081638","article-title":"Pseudorabies virus: from pathogenesis to prevention strategies","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1152063","article-title":"Animal herpesviruses and their zoonotic potential for cross-species infection","volume":"22","author":"Wo\u017aniakowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib9","first-page":"201","article-title":"Transmission, species specificity, and pathogenicity of Aujeszky\u2019s disease virus","volume":"13","author":"Sawitzky","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Virol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(01)00014-5","article-title":"The infrequency of transmission of herpesviruses between humans and animals; postulation of an unrecognised protective host mechanism","volume":"24","author":"Skinner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130177","article-title":"Pseudorabies virus variant in Bartha-K61-vaccinated pigs, China, 2012","volume":"19","author":"An","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.09.003","article-title":"Pathogenicity and genomic characterization of a pseudorabies virus variant isolated from Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine population in China","volume":"174","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-020-00340-0","article-title":"Current status and challenge of pseudorabies virus infection in China","volume":"36","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071463","article-title":"The epidemiology and variation in pseudorabies virus: a continuing challenge to pigs and humans","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.130531","article-title":"Pathogenic pseudorabies virus, China, 2012","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2406.171612","article-title":"Human endophthalmitis caused by pseudorabies virus infection, China, 2017","volume":"24","author":"Ai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2018.1563459","article-title":"Pseudorabies virus: a neglected zoonotic pathogen in humans?","volume":"8","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3690","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa987","article-title":"A novel human acute encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus variant strain","volume":"73","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105347","article-title":"The mutations on the envelope glycoprotein D contribute to the enhanced neurotropism of the pseudorabies virus variant","volume":"299","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy731","article-title":"Interspecies transmission, genetic diversity, and evolutionary dynamics of pseudorabies virus","volume":"219","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib21","series-title":"Herpesvirus diseases of cattle, horses, and pigs","first-page":"230","article-title":"Aujeszky\u2019s disease (pseudorabies) in pigs","author":"Wittmann","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9040254","article-title":"The neuropathic itch caused by pseudorabies virus","volume":"9","author":"Laval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.04.013","article-title":"Genomic characterization of emergent pseudorabies virus in China reveals marked sequence divergence: evidence for the existence of two major genotypes","volume":"483","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.01.016","article-title":"Genomic analyses reveal that partial sequence of an earlier pseudorabies virus in China is originated from a Bartha-vaccine-like strain","volume":"491","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-023-03857-0","article-title":"Detection and molecular analysis of Pseudorabies virus from free-ranging Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus) in Italy - a case report","volume":"20","author":"Moreno","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04924-4","article-title":"The prevalence of pseudorabies virus in China from 2010 to 2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9080633","article-title":"Comparative pathology of pseudorabies in different naturally and experimentally infected species-a review","volume":"9","author":"Sehl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04189-3","article-title":"A pseudorabies outbreak in hunting dogs in Campania region (Italy): a case presentation and epidemiological survey","volume":"20","author":"Ferrara","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1718-3","article-title":"Pseudorabies detected in hunting dogs in Alabama and Arkansas after close contact with feral swine (Sus scrofa)","volume":"14","author":"Pedersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02871386","article-title":"Aujeskysche Erkrankung in der T\u00fcrkei bei Mensch und Tier","volume":"169","author":"Sch\u00fckr\u00fc-Aksel","year":"1940","journal-title":"Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib34","first-page":"501","article-title":"Pseudorabies in man","volume":"1","author":"Mravak","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib35","first-page":"181","article-title":"Is Aujeszky's disease a zoonosis?","volume":"46","author":"Anusz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Przegl Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00855-y","article-title":"Pseudorabies virus encephalitis in humans: a case series study","volume":"26","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib37","first-page":"1152","article-title":"Clinical experience and next-generation sequencing analysis of encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus","volume":"98","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00534","article-title":"A case of human viral encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus infection in China","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.08.007","article-title":"Characteristics of human encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus: a case series study","volume":"87","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13297","article-title":"Dynamic cerebrospinal fluid analyses of severe pseudorabies encephalitis","volume":"66","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.09.019","article-title":"Human encephalitis complicated with bilateral acute retinal necrosis associated with pseudorabies virus infection: a case report","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1704027","article-title":"Bilateral necrotizing retinitis following encephalitis caused by the pseudorabies virus confirmed by next-generation sequencing","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-019-00822-2","article-title":"Human encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus infection: a case report","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2022.0002","article-title":"Human encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus in China: a case report and systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211058990","article-title":"Vitritis and retinal vasculitis caused by pseudorabies virus","volume":"49","author":"Ying","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib46","article-title":"Case report: metagenomic next-generation sequencing for diagnosis of human encephalitis and endophthalmitis caused by pseudorabies virus","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.950931","article-title":"Cross species transmission of pseudorabies virus leads to human encephalitis and visual impairment: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05633-0","article-title":"Human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1","volume":"43","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.878007","article-title":"Human encephalitis complicated with ocular symptoms associated with pseudorabies virus infection: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2023.2181188","article-title":"Acute retinal necrosis associated with pseudorabies virus infection: a case report and literature review","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03227-1","article-title":"A case report of long-delayed diagnosis of pseudorabies virus encephalitis with endophthalmitis: lessons from metagenomic next generation sequencing","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib52","first-page":"444","article-title":"Detection of pseudorabies virus antibodies in human encephalitis cases","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.09.021","article-title":"Emergence of a pseudorabies virus variant with increased virulence to piglets","volume":"181","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib54","article-title":"Viral live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs): past and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2023.09.002","article-title":"Novel technologies are turning a dream into reality: conditionally replicating viruses as vaccines","volume":"32","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01472-25","article-title":"A glycoprotein D-targeted lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccine elicits strong protective immunity against pseudorabies virus","volume":"99","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib57","article-title":"A novel viral vaccine platform based on engineered transfer RNA","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.09.004","article-title":"Live attenuated pseudorabies virus developed using the CRISPR\/Cas9 system","volume":"225","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.3390\/v14051003","article-title":"A review of pseudorabies virus variants: genomics, vaccination, transmission, and zoonotic potential","volume":"14","author":"Bo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1565915","article-title":"Genome sequences derived from pig and dried blood pig feed samples provide important insights into the transmission of African swine fever virus in China in 2018","volume":"8","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-020-00181-z","article-title":"Biosecurity in pig farms: a review","volume":"7","author":"Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Porcine Health Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351_bib63","article-title":"Antimycin A inhibits alpha-herpesvirus replication by disrupting the formation of pyrimidinosomes","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Microbe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666524726000066?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666524726000066?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T19:52:10Z","timestamp":1779997930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666524726000066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666524726000066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-5247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-5247","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spillover of pseudorabies virus variants to humans: an urgent call for pseudorabies eradication in domestic pigs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Microbe","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101351","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101351"}}