{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T21:18:30Z","timestamp":1787779110508,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000683","name":"Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000683","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007880","name":"Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009660","name":"London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Microbe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:37:23Z","timestamp":1787657843000},"page":"101446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi clinical isolates: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Jill M C","family":"Hakim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneider Alexander Guiterrez","family":"Guarnizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith Silvia Malaga","family":"Machaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rony","family":"Colanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0052-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline E","family":"Sherbuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caryn","family":"Bern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3107-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa A","family":"Messenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1535-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica R","family":"Mugnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Lidia Basma","family":"Melgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Equilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth Jessy","family":"Condori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Malaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venilda Doris","family":"Qui\u00f1ones Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Arteaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Karla","family":"Velarde Leigue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Obregon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Tinajeros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rony Pedro","family":"Colanzi Zeballos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clariza Roxana","family":"Chavez Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela Ontiveros","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot Rosse","family":"Mary Ramirez Jaldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Pajuelo","family":"Traveza\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Verastegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liseth Roque","family":"Velasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith Mirea","family":"Hinojosa P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma Montserrat","family":"Samam\u00e9 Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josselyn Karina","family":"Vaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Alejandra","family":"Perez Pachas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar Miguel","family":"Gavidia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neiza Vargas","family":"Claure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco Ignacio","family":"Soto Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayana Nicole","family":"Serrano Olmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juana Maria","family":"Najarro Pucuhuayla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima Daniela","family":"Tineo P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yessabel Antuanet","family":"Morante Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto C\u00e9sar","family":"D\u00e1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio Steven","family":"Guzm\u00e1n Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard David","family":"Aguirre Barrientos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar Pedro","family":"Nizama Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Nu\u00f1ez","family":"Casio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Facultad","family":"de Medicina Veterinaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1410150","article-title":"Chagas\u2019 disease","volume":"373","author":"Bern","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.12.009","article-title":"The revised Trypanosoma cruzi subspecific nomenclature: rationale, epidemiological relevance and research applications","volume":"12","author":"Zingales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1056158","article-title":"Between a bug and a hard place: Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity and the clinical outcomes of Chagas disease","volume":"13","author":"Messenger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.75237","article-title":"Microevolution of Trypanosoma cruzi reveals hybridization and clonal mechanisms driving rapid genome diversification","volume":"11","author":"Matos","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52449-x","article-title":"A phased genome assembly of a Colombian Trypanosoma cruzi TcI strain and the evolution of gene families","volume":"14","author":"Sanchez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib7","article-title":"Expanding an expanded genome: long-read sequencing of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"4","author":"Bern\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012950","article-title":"Exploring the genomic landscape of the GP63 family in Trypanosoma cruzi: evolutionary dynamics and functional peculiarities","volume":"19","author":"Bern\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1351","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi surface mucins: host-dependent coat diversity","volume":"4","author":"Buscaglia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005986","article-title":"High-resolution profiling of linear B-cell epitopes from mucin-associated surface proteins (MASPs) of Trypanosoma cruzi during human infections","volume":"11","author":"Durante","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00164","article-title":"Theft and reception of host cell\u2019s sialic acid: dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidases and mucin-like molecules on Chagas\u2019 disease immunomodulation","volume":"10","author":"da Fonseca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1086\/420831","article-title":"Differential expression of a virulence factor, the trans-sialidase, by the main Trypanosoma cruzi phylogenetic lineages","volume":"189","author":"Risso","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004099","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi binds to cytokeratin through conserved peptide motifs found in the laminin-G-like domain of the gp85\/trans-sialidase proteins","volume":"9","author":"Teixeira","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1982.tb01334.x","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi: biological characterization of 19 clones derived from two chronic chagasic patients. I. Growth kinetics in liquid medium","volume":"29","author":"Engel","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Protozool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02504","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02504-22","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi isolates naturally adapted to congenital transmission display a unique strategy of transplacental passage","volume":"11","author":"Faral-Tello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ446","article-title":"Sustained domestic vector exposure is associated with increased Chagas cardiomyopathy risk but decreased parasitemia and congenital transmission risk among young women in Bolivia","volume":"61","author":"Kaplinski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000478","article-title":"Congenital Chagas disease: current diagnostics, limitations and future perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Messenger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003227","article-title":"Biomarkers in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected and uninfected individuals with varying severity of cardiomyopathy in Santa Cruz, Bolivia","volume":"8","author":"Okamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2015.07.003","article-title":"Biomarkers and mortality in severe Chagas cardiomyopathy","volume":"10","author":"Sherbuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1086\/648070","article-title":"Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in Santa Cruz, Bolivia","volume":"49","author":"Bern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1438-8_19","article-title":"Molecular genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi for lineage assignment and population genetics","volume":"1201","author":"Messenger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkae076","article-title":"Whole-genome assembly of a hybrid Trypanosoma cruzi strain assembled with nanopore sequencing alone","volume":"14","author":"Hakim","year":"2024","journal-title":"G3 (Bethesda)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009254","article-title":"Strain-specific genome evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3972","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11771-z","article-title":"Meiotic sex in Chagas disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"10","author":"Schwabl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.614665","article-title":"Repeat-driven generation of antigenic diversity in a major human pathogen, Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"11","author":"Talavera-L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32877-2","article-title":"Genomic assemblies of newly sequenced Trypanosoma cruzi strains reveal new genomic expansion and greater complexity","volume":"8","author":"Callejas-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01062-21","article-title":"Geographic variations in test reactivity for the serological diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"59","author":"Truyens","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01452-w","article-title":"Discrete typing units of Trypanosoma cruzi: geographical and biological distribution in the Americas","volume":"9","author":"Vel\u00e1squez-Ortiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01217","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01217-19","article-title":"Chagas disease serological test performance in U.S. blood donor specimens","volume":"57","author":"Whitman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Microbe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666524726001011?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666524726001011?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:29:06Z","timestamp":1787776146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666524726001011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S2666524726001011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-5247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-5247","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genomic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi clinical isolates: a retrospective analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Microbe","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanmic.2026.101446","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101446"}}