{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:10:58Z","timestamp":1787890258082,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBP 020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBP 020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBP 033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBP 033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019367","name":"Seva Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T15:14:05Z","timestamp":1665414845000},"page":"100089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Strategies for cataract and uncorrected refractive error case finding in India: Costs and cost-effectiveness at scale"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8704-6225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7094-1805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuldeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit C.","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thulasiraj","family":"Ravilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subeesh","family":"Kuyyadiyil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalinder","family":"Sabherwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Sil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuldeep","family":"Dole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-258X.303612","article-title":"Prevalence of blindness in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Malhotra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"issue":"85","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0002","first-page":"4","article-title":"Improving cataract services in the Indian context","volume":"27","author":"VS Murthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0003","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey India 2015-2019 - A Summary Report; 2020. Accessed 5 April 2022. https:\/\/npcbvi.mohfw.gov.in\/writeReadData\/mainlinkFile\/File341.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005125","article-title":"A population-based cross-sectional study of barriers to uptake of eye care services in South India: the Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment (RAVI) project","volume":"4","author":"Marmamula","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000172","article-title":"Population-based cross-sectional study of barriers to utilisation of refraction services in South India: rapid assessment of refractive errors (RARE) study","volume":"1","author":"Marmamula","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0006","unstructured":"IAPB. Vision Atlas. The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. Published 2022. Accessed 5 April 2022. https:\/\/www.iapb.org:8443\/learn\/vision-atlas\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.7.843","article-title":"Is manual small incision cataract surgery affordable in the developing countries? A cost comparison with extracapsular cataract extraction","volume":"87","author":"Gogate","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580490888762","article-title":"Economic cost of cataract surgery procedures in an established eye care centre in Southern India","volume":"11","author":"Muralikrishnan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.057","article-title":"Why do phacoemulsification? Manual small-incision cataract surgery is almost as effective, but less expensive","volume":"114","author":"Gogate","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.12.013","article-title":"Global cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery","volume":"114","author":"Lansingh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0011","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Use of global visual acuity data in a time trade-off approach to calculate the cost utility of cataract surgery","volume":"127","author":"Lansingh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill 1960"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7547-12-6","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of eye care services in Zambia","volume":"12","author":"Griffiths","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cost Eff Resour Alloc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.162600","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis should continually assess competing health care options especially in high volume environments like cataract surgery","volume":"63","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.0562","article-title":"A sustainable model for delivering high-quality, efficient cataract surgery in southern India","volume":"35","author":"Le","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E489","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30488-5","article-title":"The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020","volume":"9","author":"Burton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0016","article-title":"Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low- and middle-income countries","author":"Ramke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5271","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9798","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of an intervention promoting cataract surgery acceptance in rural china: the Guangzhou uptake of surgery trial (GUSTO)","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.087","article-title":"Implementation of a free cataract surgery program in rural China","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2008.06.003","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of screening and correcting refractive errors in school children in Africa, Asia, America and Europe","volume":"89","author":"Baltussen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3109\/09286580903312277","article-title":"Screening for refractive error and fitting with spectacles in rural and urban India: cost-effectiveness","volume":"16","author":"Frick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0021","first-page":"1050","article-title":"Cost effectiveness analysis of a visual screening program for primary school children in Thailand","volume":"92","author":"Tengtrisorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thail Chotmaihet Thangphaet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2014.988877","article-title":"Vision screening by teachers in southern Indian schools: testing a new \u201call class teacher\u201d model","volume":"22","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2019.1639199","article-title":"Pediatric case finding in madagascar: a controlled, prospective population-based assessment of key informant productivity and cost","volume":"26","author":"Rasoloniaina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e419","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13954","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of alternative vision screening models among preschool children in rural China","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0025","article-title":"Is an integrated model of school eye health delivery more cost-effective than a vertical model? An implementation research in Zanzibar","volume":"6","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2020.1851728","article-title":"Cost-minimisation analysis from a non-inferiority trial of ready-made versus custom-made spectacles for school children in India","volume":"28","author":"Minakaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311452","article-title":"Review of economic evaluations of teleophthalmology as a screening strategy for chronic eye disease in adults","volume":"102","author":"Sharafeldin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.002","article-title":"The cost\u2013utility of telemedicine to screen for diabetic retinopathy in India","volume":"120","author":"Rachapelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2019.1651342","article-title":"Economic analysis of primary eye care services provided through vision centers in eastern India","volume":"26","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.753257","article-title":"Improving access to refractive services in adults: a health examination center-based model","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0031","article-title":"Evaluation of alternate outreach models for cataract services in rural Nepal","volume":"10","author":"Kandel","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0695-6","article-title":"Benefits of an android based tablet application in primary screening for eye diseases in a rural population, India","volume":"41","author":"Imtiaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256531","article-title":"Costs and cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive tuberculosis case finding strategy in Zambia","volume":"16","author":"Jo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0034","unstructured":"World Bank. World Bank Open Data. World Bank Open Data. Published 2021. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.153868","article-title":"Models for primary eye care services in India","volume":"40","author":"Misra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_872_18","article-title":"Imagining eye care in India (2018 Lalit Prakash Agarwal lecture)","volume":"66","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2381_19","article-title":"Indian community eye care in 2020: achievements and challenges","volume":"68","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_83_20","article-title":"Universal health care: can Indian ophthalmologist community set an example?","volume":"68","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"85","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0039","first-page":"7","article-title":"Efficient high-volume cataract services: the Aravind model","volume":"27","author":"Ravilla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0040","series-title":"Tackling NCDs: \u201cBest Buys\u201d and Other Recommended Interventions for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0041","series-title":"Disease Control Priorities (Third Edition)","author":"Jamison","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539510370779","article-title":"An estimate of patient costs and benefits of the new primary eye care model utilization through vision centers in Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"22","author":"Kovai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0043","unstructured":"IHME. Global Burden of Disease 2019. 2021. https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-compare\/"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_502_22","article-title":"The Economic and Social Costs of Visual Impairment and Blindness in India","volume":"70","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.04.015","article-title":"The international decision support initiative reference case for economic evaluation: an aid to thought","volume":"19","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.635","article-title":"Representing uncertainty: the role of cost-effectiveness acceptability curves","volume":"10","author":"Fenwick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089_bib0047","series-title":"Beneficiary Preferences: Findings from Ghana and Kenya","author":"Redfern","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772368222001056?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772368222001056?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T23:30:06Z","timestamp":1762644606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772368222001056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S2772368222001056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-3682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-3682","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Strategies for cataract and uncorrected refractive error case finding in India: Costs and cost-effectiveness at scale","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100089","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100089"}}