{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:58:20Z","timestamp":1792108700169,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["119735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["119735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T01:09:41Z","timestamp":1698714581000},"page":"100291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Coverage gaps in empiric antibiotic regimens used to treat serious bacterial infections in neonates and children in Southeast Asia and the Pacific"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2250-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phoebe C.M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Snelling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7582-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Duguid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerida","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Dickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyali","family":"Wijeratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-6429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anousone","family":"Douangnouvong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320217","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu014","article-title":"Systematic review of antibiotic resistance rates among gram-negative bacteria in children with sepsis in resource-limited countries","volume":"4","author":"Le Doare","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0843-x","article-title":"Burden of bacterial resistance among neonatal infections in low income countries: how convincing is the epidemiological evidence?","volume":"15","author":"Huynh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003787","article-title":"Gram-negative neonatal sepsis in low- and lower-middle-income countries and WHO empirical antibiotic recommendations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib7","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis in South Asia: huge burden and spiralling antimicrobial resistance","volume":"364","author":"Chaurasia","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00566","article-title":"Association of antibiotics administration timing with mortality in children with sepsis in a tertiary care hospital of a developing country","volume":"8","author":"Alsadoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmu079","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis","volume":"61","author":"Zea-Vera","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-316816","article-title":"Towards understanding global patterns of antimicrobial use and resistance in neonatal sepsis: insights from the NeoAMR network","volume":"105","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib11","series-title":"Model list of essential medicines in children","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215666","article-title":"Multiple antibiotic resistance as a risk factor for mortality and prolonged hospital stay: a cohort study among neonatal intensive care patients with hospital-acquired infections caused by gram-negative bacteria in Vietnam","volume":"14","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piw092","article-title":"High reported rates of antimicrobial resistance in Indian neonatal and pediatric blood stream infections","volume":"6","author":"Dharmapalan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e265","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1048","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of an electronic clinical decision support tool for inpatient antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"72","author":"Ridgway","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-00939-2","article-title":"Development of a Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiogram (WISCA) to guide the choice of the empiric antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infection in paediatric patients: a Bayesian approach","volume":"10","author":"Barbieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1086\/664768","article-title":"Demonstration of the weighted-incidence syndromic combination antibiogram: an empiric prescribing decision aid","volume":"33","author":"Hebert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.21124","article-title":"Evaluation of the coverage of 3 antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis in the hospital setting across Asian countries","volume":"3","author":"Bielicki","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R112","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13901","article-title":"Weighted-incidence syndromic combination antibiograms to guide empiric treatment of critical care infections: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Randhawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv397","article-title":"Selecting appropriate empirical antibiotic regimens for paediatric bloodstream infections: application of a Bayesian decision model to local and pooled antimicrobial resistance surveillance data","volume":"71","author":"Bielicki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2021.1967145","article-title":"Improving empiric antibiotic prescribing in pediatric bloodstream infections: a potential application of weighted-incidence syndromic combination antibiograms (WISCA)","volume":"20","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30310-4","article-title":"Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1301-1","article-title":"Microbiology Investigation Criteria for Reporting Objectively (MICRO): a framework for the reporting and interpretation of clinical microbiology data","volume":"17","author":"Turner","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib25","series-title":"Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2016-2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002433","article-title":"Global divergence from World Health Organization treatment guidelines for neonatal and pediatric sepsis","volume":"38","author":"Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib27","series-title":"CLSI supplement M100","article-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.03.007","article-title":"Impact of CLSI and EUCAST breakpoint discrepancies on reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility and AMR surveillance","volume":"25","author":"Cusack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib30","first-page":"495","article-title":"The multinomial-Poisson transformation","volume":"43","author":"Baker","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0R Stat Soc Ser D Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib31","series-title":"Stan modeling language users guide and reference manual; version 2.30","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib32","series-title":"cmdstanr: R interface to \u2018CmdStan\u2019","author":"Gabry","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib33","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-017-1204-1","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in pediatric bloodstream infections in rural Southern India","volume":"54","author":"Sekar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180705","article-title":"Alarming rates of antimicrobial resistance and fungal sepsis in outborn neonates in North India","volume":"13","author":"Jajoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1835945","article-title":"Clinical and bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis: a prospective hospital-based study","volume":"2020","author":"Jatsho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e752","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30148-6","article-title":"Characterisation and antimicrobial resistance of sepsis pathogens in neonates born in tertiary care centres in Delhi, India: a cohort study","volume":"4","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S818","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60734-9","article-title":"Epidemiology and drug resistance profile of acute bacterial meningitis in children in Northern India: a university hospital perspective","volume":"4","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaa086","article-title":"Increasing resistance to reserve antibiotics: the experience of a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"67","author":"Annamalai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu043","article-title":"Rationale for eliminating Staphylococcus breakpoints for \u03b2-lactam agents other than penicillin, oxacillin or cefoxitin, and ceftaroline","volume":"58","author":"Dien Bard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00870-7","article-title":"Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria that cause neonatal sepsis in seven low- and middle-income countries","volume":"6","author":"Sands","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib42","series-title":"Risk factors of neonatal sepsis from hospitals in South Asia and Africa: burden of antibiotic resistance in neonates from developing societies (BARNARDS). Amsterdam","author":"Milton","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31127-9","article-title":"Causes and incidence of community-acquired serious infections among young children in south Asia (ANISA): an observational cohort study","volume":"392","author":"Saha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e752","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30148-6","article-title":"Characterisation and antimicrobial resistance of sepsis pathogens in neonates born in tertiary care centres in Delhi, India: a cohort study","volume":"4","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib45","article-title":"Patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens and clinical outcomes in hospitalised neonates and young infants with sepsis in the NeoOBS global neonatal sepsis observational cohort study","author":"Russell","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e861","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30071-3","article-title":"Use of the WHO Access,\u00a0Watch, and Reserve classification to define patterns of hospital\u00a0antibiotic use (AWaRe): an analysis of paediatric survey data from 56 countries","volume":"7","author":"Hsia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30365-5","article-title":"Harmonising regulatory approval for antibiotics in children","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15681.1","article-title":"ACORN (A Clinically-Oriented Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network): a pilot protocol for case based antimicrobial resistance surveillance","volume":"5","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.22.288623","article-title":"Antibiotics needed to treat multidrug-resistant infections in neonates","volume":"100","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772368223001518?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772368223001518?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T23:30:45Z","timestamp":1762644645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772368223001518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S2772368223001518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-3682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-3682","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Coverage gaps in empiric antibiotic regimens used to treat serious bacterial infections in neonates and children in Southeast Asia and the Pacific","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100291","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100291"}}