{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:04:02Z","timestamp":1792803842507,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.es","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:47:59Z","timestamp":1771030079000},"page":"100730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Reappraising TB preventive treatment in India: programmatic and ethical implications of subclinical tuberculosis in household contacts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1336-8720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurav","family":"Basu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2843-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atul","family":"Vashist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivani","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandini","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib1","series-title":"National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Elimination 2017-2025","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib2","series-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2018.10.006","article-title":"Achieving TB elimination in India: the role of latent TB management","volume":"66","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00070812","article-title":"Contact investigation for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Fox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy265","article-title":"Risk and timing of tuberculosis among close contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis","volume":"218","author":"Reichler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_382_23","article-title":"The prevalence of tuberculosis infection in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Chauhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib7","article-title":"Advancing tuberculosis elimination in India: a qualitative review of current strategies and areas for improvement in tuberculosis preventive treatment","volume":"14","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41256-4","article-title":"Mathematical modelling of the impact of treating latent tuberculosis infection in the elderly in a city with intermediate tuberculosis burden","volume":"9","author":"Chong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib9","series-title":"WHO Operational Handbook on Tuberculosis. Module 1: Prevention - Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib10","series-title":"A Situational Analysis of Programmatic Management of TB Preventive Treatment in the WHO South-East Asia Region","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib11","series-title":"Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment: Rapid Communication","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib12","series-title":"Guidelines for Programmatic Management of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment in India","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib13","series-title":"Technical and Operational Guidance on 3RH TPT Regimen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib14","article-title":"The 3 HP regimen for tuberculosis preventive treatment: safety, dosage and related concerns during its large-scale implementation in countries like India","volume":"31","author":"Bhargava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236743","article-title":"Tuberculosis preventive treatment should be considered for all household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in India","volume":"15","author":"Paradkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13940","article-title":"Implementation of tuberculosis preventive therapy with INH-Rifapentine (3HP) for latent tuberculosis infection management in household tuberculosis contacts in India: a prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib17","first-page":"7","article-title":"Test and treat model for tuberculosis preventive treatment among household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in selected districts of Maharashtra: a mixed-methods study on care cascade, timeliness, and early implementation challenges","volume":"9","author":"Mahajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib18","first-page":"24","article-title":"Situation analysis of early implementation of programmatic management of tuberculosis preventive treatment among household contacts of pulmonary TB patients in Delhi, India","volume":"9","author":"Alvi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.25259\/IJTMRPH_23_2025","article-title":"Prevention versus treatment: barriers to tuberculosis prevention and treatment in urban areas","volume":"9","author":"Dey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Transl Med Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-097935","article-title":"Implementing timeliness metrics for household contact tracing and TB preventive treatment through TB champions in the public sector, India: an explanatory mixed-methods study","volume":"15","author":"Nair","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib21","first-page":"OC01","article-title":"Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and willingness for preventive treatment among household contacts: a prospective observational study from a tertiary centre, Karnataka, India","volume":"19","author":"Suresh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib22","article-title":"Post-TPT risk of tuberculosis among household contacts: a multistate observational cohort study from India","author":"Sodhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00021-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00021-18","article-title":"Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a clinical review of early stages and progression of infection","volume":"31","author":"Drain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0208-2023","article-title":"Subclinical tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of prevalence and scoping review of definitions, prevalence and clinical characteristics","volume":"33","author":"Teo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e684","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00082-7","article-title":"Quantifying progression and regression across the spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis: a data synthesis study","volume":"11","author":"Richards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3006.231699","article-title":"Chest radiograph screening for detecting subclinical tuberculosis in asymptomatic household contacts, Peru","volume":"30","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13392","article-title":"Tuberculosis disease and infection among household contacts of bacteriologically confirmed and non-confirmed tuberculosis patients","volume":"25","author":"Warria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.82469","article-title":"Estimating the contribution of subclinical tuberculosis disease to transmission: an individual patient data analysis from prevalence surveys","volume":"12","author":"Emery","year":"2023","journal-title":"ELife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib29","series-title":"National TB Prevalence Survey 2019-21","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0005109","article-title":"TB stigma in India: a narrative review of types of stigma, gender differences, and potential interventions","volume":"5","author":"Carwile","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.21.0022","article-title":"Missed opportunities for diagnosis and treatment in patients with TB symptoms: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Divala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.02.016","article-title":"The isoniazid paradigm of killing, resistance, and persistence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"431","author":"Vilch\u00e8ze","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e830","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1402","article-title":"Subclinical tuberculosis disease\u2014a review and analysis of prevalence surveys to inform definitions, burden, associations, and screening methodology","volume":"73","author":"Frascella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21016-7","article-title":"A comparison of the chest radiographic and computed tomographic features of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Lau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib35","series-title":"WHO Operational Handbook on Tuberculosis. Module 2: Screening - Systematic Screening for Tuberculosis Disease","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212537","article-title":"Treatment strategy for rifampin-susceptible tuberculosis","volume":"388","author":"Paton","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202006-2394PP","article-title":"The epidemiological importance of subclinical tuberculosis: a critical reappraisal","volume":"203","author":"Kendall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00076-6","article-title":"High-dose, short-duration versus standard rifampicin for tuberculosis preventive treatment: a partially blinded, three-arm, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Ruslami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0908","article-title":"Rifampicin resistance after treatment for latent tuberculous infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"den Boon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02189-w","article-title":"Isoniazid or rifampicin preventive therapy with and without screening for subclinical TB: a modeling analysis","volume":"19","author":"Kendall","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib41","first-page":"170","article-title":"The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI): currently available tests, future developments, and perspectives to eliminate tuberculosis (TB)","volume":"111","author":"Zellweger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S504632","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-020-00726-x","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis and HIV infection","volume":"22","author":"Bares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1616-x","article-title":"A prospective longitudinal study of tuberculosis among household contacts of smear-positive tuberculosis cases in Lima, Peru","volume":"16","author":"Otero","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.14910","article-title":"The intention to receive tuberculosis preventive therapy in adult household contacts of pulmonary TB patients in Delhi, India","volume":"16","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.18.0075","article-title":"TB treatment delay associated with drug resistance and admission at Daru General Hospital in Papua New Guinea","volume":"9","author":"Hapolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1869","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(25)00276-1","article-title":"Screening for asymptomatic tuberculosis among adults with household exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis: a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib48","series-title":"Strategy for TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277393","article-title":"Economic analysis of different throughput scenarios and implementation strategies of computer-aided detection software as a screening and triage test for pulmonary TB","volume":"17","author":"Bashir","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121512","article-title":"Tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Tchakounte Youngui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.23.0285","article-title":"Using timeliness metrics for household contact tracing and TB preventive therapy in the private sector, India","volume":"28","author":"Thekkur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2024.08.010","article-title":"Enhancing tuberculosis care in Madhya Pradesh through public-private partnerships: an evaluation of the patient provider support agency (PPSA) model","volume":"72","author":"Kourav","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102898","article-title":"Risk factors associated with post-tuberculosis sequelae: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Akalu","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e163","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf150","article-title":"A systematic review of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis among patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"81","author":"Madden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14876-1","article-title":"Association of duration of undernutrition with occurrence of tuberculosis","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.193278","article-title":"Undernutrition & tuberculosis in India: situation analysis & the way forward","volume":"144","author":"Padmapriyadarsini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047210","article-title":"The RATIONS (Reducing Activation of Tuberculosis by Improvement of Nutritional Status) study: a cluster randomised trial of nutritional support to reduce TB incidence in household contacts in Jharkhand, India","volume":"11","author":"Bhargava","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2022.0152","article-title":"Host blood transcriptional signatures as candidate biomarkers for predicting progression to active tuberculosis","volume":"86","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2021.108876","article-title":"Urinary metabolomic analysis to identify potential markers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis","volume":"704","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772368226000156?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772368226000156?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T09:27:45Z","timestamp":1773394065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772368226000156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S2772368226000156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-3682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-3682","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Reappraising TB preventive treatment in India: programmatic and ethical implications of subclinical tuberculosis in household contacts","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lansea.2026.100730","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100730"}}