{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:50:40Z","timestamp":1790286640455,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T13:21:30Z","timestamp":1614691290000},"page":"100110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) in Chongqing, China, 2017: An artificial intelligence and big data method estimating the burden of disease at city level"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Ruan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingnan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bojin","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjie","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0001","series-title":"National burden of disease Studies: a practical guide","author":"Mathers","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0002","series-title":"Evaluating the Uptake of the Healthy Life Years Indicator","author":"Oortwijn","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2307\/4594169","article-title":"A single index of mortality and morbidity","volume":"86","author":"Sullivan","year":"1971","journal-title":"HSMHA Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0004","series-title":"Proceedings of the REVES meeting in Taichung","article-title":"Health expectancy and its variations in Vietnam","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/13.suppl_1.6","article-title":"Creating a coherent set of indicators to monitor health across Europe - The Euro-REVES 2 project","volume":"13","author":"Robine","year":"2003","journal-title":". The European Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","article-title":"Studies of illness in the aged. The index of Adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function","volume":"185","author":"Katz","year":"1963","journal-title":"JAMA J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3 Part 1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"Lawton M","year":"1969","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0008","series-title":"Disability-free and handicap-free life expectancy in Australia 1981 and 1988","author":"Mathers","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-006-0035-y","article-title":"Monitoring population disability: evaluation of a new Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI)","volume":"51","author":"van Oyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soz Praventivmed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302962","article-title":"The World Health Organization STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk-factor surveillance: methods, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"106","author":"Riley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0011","first-page":"4","article-title":"The global burden of disease: 2004 update","volume":"106","year":"2008","journal-title":"Irish Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2020.19","article-title":"Trend of appendicitis mortality at national and provincial levels in Iran from 1990 to 2015","volume":"23","author":"Piri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0013","first-page":"e7265","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality trends due to adverse effects of medical treatment, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis from the global burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors study","volume":"12","author":"Nauman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08475-9","article-title":"Population-wide analysis of differences in disease progression patterns in men and women","volume":"10","author":"Westergaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw042","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges in developing risk prediction models with electronic health records data: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0016","first-page":"473","article-title":"Bidirectional RNN for medical event detection in electronic health records","volume":"2016","author":"Jagannatha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Conf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0017","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th web information systems and applications conference (WISA); 2017 11-12 Nov. 2017","first-page":"105","article-title":"Named entity recognition in Chinese electronic medical records based on CRF","author":"Liu","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2009.001560","article-title":"Mayo clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES): architecture, component evaluation and applications","volume":"17","author":"Savova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Informat Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0019","first-page":"662","article-title":"Analyzing differences between chinese and english clinical text: a cross-institution comparison of discharge summaries in two languages","volume":"192","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Informat"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0020","first-page":"2725","article-title":"Corpus construction for named entities and entity relations on Chinese electronic medical records","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ruan Jian Xue Bao\/J Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0021","series-title":"Proceedings of the 36th Chinese control conference (CCC); 2017 26-28 July 2017","first-page":"5629","article-title":"Automatic synonym extraction using Word2Vec and spectral clustering","author":"Zhang","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0022","series-title":"Proceedings of the 24th international conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"989","article-title":"Medical synonym extraction with concept space models","author":"Wang","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0023","series-title":"World development report 1993. Investing in health","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5288.740","article-title":"Evidence-based health policy \u2013 lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"274","author":"Murray","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0025","series-title":"The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Cambridge","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0026","unstructured":"Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Global health statistics. Cambridge, Harvard School of Public Health on behalf of the World Health Organization and the World Bank, 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0027","series-title":"The life table and its applications","author":"Chiang","year":"1984"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0028","first-page":"410","article-title":"Evaluation and estimation of the provincial infant mortality rate in China's Sixth Census","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0029","series-title":"Contemporary model life tables for developed countries an application of model-based clustering","author":"Samuel","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0030","series-title":"Human longevity, individual life duration, and the growth of the oldest-old population","article-title":"Oldest-Old Mortality in China","author":"Yi","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0031","series-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Tenth revision. Statistical inference and simulation for spatial point processes","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0032","series-title":"2016 Chongqing health and family planning statistical yearbook","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0033","series-title":"Global burden of disease 2004 Update: disability weights for diseases and conditions. Health statistics and information systems","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0034","unstructured":"Mu J, Bhat S, Viswanath P. All-but-the-Top: simple and effective postprocessing for word representations. arXiv:170201417 [cs, stat] 2018; published online March 19. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1702.01417 (Accessed 11 September 2020)."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0035","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Analysis of life expectancy and health adjusted life expectancy in China by province from 1990 to 2015","volume":"37","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0036","first-page":"26","article-title":"Decomposition of changes in health-adjusted life expectancy in China, 1990-2013","volume":"44","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Popul Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1032-3","article-title":"Potential gains in health-adjusted life expectancy from reducing four main non-communicable diseases among Chinese elderly","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.11.843","article-title":"Measuring the health burden of chronic disease and injury using health adjusted life expectancy and the Health Utilities Index","volume":"56","author":"Manuel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1296","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.180698","article-title":"Global burden of disease study trends for Canada from 1990 to 2016","volume":"190","author":"Lang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"10015","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00551-6","article-title":"Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990-2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"387","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0041","first-page":"122","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l969","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l969","article-title":"Contribution of specific diseases and injuries to changes in health adjusted life expectancy in 187 countries from 1990 to 2013: retrospective observational study","volume":"364","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10159","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"DALYs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1355-0","article-title":"Sex differences in the association between diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5,162,654 participants","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001547","article-title":"Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010","volume":"10","author":"Ferrari","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-11-21","article-title":"Comparing life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy by body mass index category in adult Canadians: a descriptive study","volume":"11","author":"Steensma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32261","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v9.32261","article-title":"Gender and ethnic health disparities among the elderly in rural Guangxi, China: estimating quality-adjusted life expectancy","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-019-0775-2","article-title":"Predicting life expectancy with a long short-term memory recurrent neural network using electronic medical records","volume":"19","author":"Beeksma","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.04.003","article-title":"Small-area health comparisons using health-adjusted life expectancies: a Bayesian random-effects approach","volume":"23","author":"Jonker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0050","series-title":"WHO methods and data sources for global burden of disease estimates 2000-2015","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61680-8","article-title":"Common values in assessing health outcomes from disease and injury: disability weights measurement study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Salomon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv034","article-title":"Toward high-throughput phenotyping: unbiased automated feature extraction and selection from knowledge sources","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Informat Assoc"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606521000195?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606521000195?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:33:58Z","timestamp":1763001238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666606521000195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S2666606521000195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6065","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) in Chongqing, China, 2017: An artificial intelligence and big data method estimating the burden of disease at city level","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100110","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100110"}}