{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:13:49Z","timestamp":1790640829132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81974492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J200017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J200017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM201911015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201911015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T18:37:52Z","timestamp":1648233472000},"page":"100437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sociodemographic disparities in gastric cancer and the gastric precancerous cascade: A population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1184-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dianqin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changfa","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maomao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guizhou","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1159-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0001","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.03.023","article-title":"Global patterns and trends in gastric cancer incidence rates (1988-2012) and predictions to 2030","volume":"161","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19921215)70:12<2935::AID-CNCR2820701234>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Education and cancer risk","volume":"70","author":"La Vecchia","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201108","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and incidence of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Uthman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.09.045","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity-, socioeconomic status-, and anatomic subsite-specific risks for gastric cancer","volume":"156","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)90498-5","article-title":"A model for gastric cancer epidemiology","volume":"2","author":"Correa","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000419","article-title":"Health behaviours, socioeconomic status, and mortality: further analyses of the British Whitehall II and the French GAZEL prospective cohorts","volume":"8","author":"Stringhini","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1662","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and lifestyle choices: evidence from latent class analysis","volume":"20","author":"Ovrum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31288-5","article-title":"Gastric cancer","volume":"396","author":"Smyth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.04.02","article-title":"Evaluating efficacy of screening for upper gastrointestinal cancer in China: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317556","article-title":"Development and validation of a prediction rule for estimating gastric cancer risk in the Chinese high-risk population: a nationwide multicentre study","volume":"68","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n604","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n604","article-title":"Associations of healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic status with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease: two prospective cohort studies","volume":"373","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0013","unstructured":"World Cancer Research Fund International. Diet, nutrition, physical activity and cancer: a global perspective (the Third Expert Report): world cancer research fund international; 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr483","article-title":"Preventable exposures associated with human cancers","volume":"103","author":"Cogliano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032315-021402","article-title":"Mediation analysis: a practitioner's guide","volume":"37","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2307\/2336391","article-title":"Calculation of polychotomous logistic regression parameters using individualized regressions","volume":"71","author":"Begg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0018","series-title":"Epidemiology: Beyond the basics","author":"Szklo","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255601","article-title":"Predictors for regression and progression of intestinal metaplasia (IM): a large population-based study from low prevalence area of gastric cancer (IM-predictor trial)","volume":"16","author":"Aumpan","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.071","article-title":"Gastric cancer risk in patients with premalignant gastric lesions: a nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands","volume":"134","author":"de Vries","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14082","article-title":"The risk of gastric cancer in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia in 5-year follow-up","volume":"46","author":"Pittayanon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.034629","article-title":"Factors predicting progression of gastric intestinal metaplasia: results of a randomised trial on Helicobacter pylori eradication","volume":"53","author":"Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0023","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in gastric cancer and identification of a single SES variable for predicting risk","author":"Sarkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl275","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and the risk of gastric and oesophageal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST)","volume":"36","author":"Nagel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314498","article-title":"Surveillance of premalignant gastric lesions: a multicentre prospective cohort study from low incidence regions","volume":"68","author":"den Hollander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.04.07","article-title":"Factors associated with gastric adenocarcinoma and dysplasia in patients with chronic gastritis: a population-based study","volume":"29","author":"Xing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33742","article-title":"To what extent is male excess risk of advanced colorectal neoplasms explained by known risk factors? Results from a large German screening population","volume":"149","author":"Niedermaier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.07.031","article-title":"Oestrogen and the enigmatic male predominance of gastric cancer","volume":"44","author":"Chandanos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0834","article-title":"Sex hormones, hormonal interventions, and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Camargo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001045","article-title":"Circulating sex hormones are associated with gastric and colorectal cancers but not esophageal adenocarcinoma in the UK Biobank","volume":"116","author":"McMenamin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0031","first-page":"51","article-title":"The association of cigarette smoking with gastric cancer: the multiethnic cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Nomura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.3.624","article-title":"Relation of adult lifestyle and socioeconomic factors to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"31","author":"Moayyedi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437_bib0033","first-page":"671","article-title":"Education and gastric cancer risk-An individual participant data meta-analysis in the StoP project consortium","volume":"146","author":"Rota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606522000529?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606522000529?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T08:53:56Z","timestamp":1778921636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666606522000529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S2666606522000529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6065","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sociodemographic disparities in gastric cancer and the gastric precancerous cascade: A population-based study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100437","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100457","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100437"}}