{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:05:09Z","timestamp":1791381909648,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T07:21:45Z","timestamp":1651648905000},"page":"100464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence of tobacco dependence and associated factors in China: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018\u201319"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-hua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-yang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-qiong","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-dong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-liang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6775-8583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin-mei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-qi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kian Fan","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0002","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The bill China cannot afford: health, economic and social costs of China's tobacco epidemic. Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00340-2","article-title":"Contrasting male and female trends in tobacco-attributed mortality in China: evidence from successive nationwide prospective cohort studies","volume":"386","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0809890","article-title":"Nicotine addiction","volume":"362","author":"Benowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l2204","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2204","article-title":"Tobacco dependence should be recognised as a lethal non-communicable disease","volume":"365","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0006","first-page":"763","article-title":"Nicotine addiction and its assessment","volume":"69","author":"Fagerstrom","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0007","series-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0008","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03059.x","article-title":"Measuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day","volume":"84","author":"Heatherton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/1462220042000202481","article-title":"The tobacco dependence syndrome scale: a multidimensional measure of tobacco dependence","volume":"6","author":"Shiffman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050391","article-title":"Impact of tobacco control policy on quitting and tobacco dependence among women in five European countries","volume":"23","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0012","first-page":"1158","volume":"15","author":"Cai","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.010","article-title":"Predictors of persistent tobacco dependence among adults in the United States","volume":"118","author":"Goodwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00254","article-title":"Prevalence of cigarette smoking and tobacco dependence in men and women residing in two provinces in China","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr101","article-title":"Smoking and predictors of tobacco dependence in a homeless population","volume":"13","author":"Torchalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts100","article-title":"Prevalence and psychosocial determinants of tobacco dependence in nine countries of the former Soviet Union","volume":"15","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12285","article-title":"The prevalence, predictors and associated health outcomes of high tobacco dependence using three measures among US smokers","volume":"108","author":"Schnoll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19090900","article-title":"Nicotine use and DSM-IV Tobacco dependence in the United States, 2001\u20132002 and 2012\u20132013","volume":"177","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032198","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of smoking and tobacco dependence: results of a nationwide cross-sectional survey among Singapore residents","volume":"9","author":"Shahwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0020","first-page":"243","article-title":"Survey on the status of health literacy of Chinese residents in 2008","volume":"26","author":"Ping","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Health Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0021","first-page":"99","article-title":"The level of health literacy of Chinese residents in 2012: surveillance results","author":"Ying-hua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Health Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0022","first-page":"125","article-title":"Health literacy condition analysis on 15 -24 years old Chinese residents","volume":"146","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Health Educ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0023","first-page":"587","article-title":"The level of health literacy and its influencing factors of women in childbearing age in 2017","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Health Educ"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1757975913499800","article-title":"Methodology of the global adult tobacco survey 2008\u20132010","volume":"23","author":"Palipudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob Health Promot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1102459","article-title":"Prevalence of smoking in China in 2010","volume":"364","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0026","series-title":"China Clinical Guidelines for Tobacco Cessation (2015 version)","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0027","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2016 China statistical yearbook. 2016. http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjsj\/ndsj\/2016\/indexeh.htm (accessed Sept 1, 2020)."},{"issue":"10082","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30819-X","article-title":"Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"389","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0029","first-page":"1189","volume":"15","author":"Kaleta","year":"2015"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270492","article-title":"Nicotine and the adolescent brain","volume":"593","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0031","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2 012 Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2012."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30509-5","article-title":"Rising smoking epidemic among adolescents in China","volume":"7","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.11.1107","article-title":"Tobacco dependence and psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"61","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1168-1","article-title":"Sex differences in the subjective and reinforcing effects of cigarette nicotine dose","volume":"163","author":"Perkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts100","article-title":"Prevalence and psychosocial determinants of tobacco dependence in nine countries of the former Soviet Union","volume":"15","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.01.016","article-title":"Factors associated with successful vs. unsuccessful smoking cessation: data from a nationally representative study","volume":"80","author":"El-Khoury Lesueur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq103","article-title":"Hardcore\u201d definitions and their application to a population-based sample of smokers","volume":"12","author":"Costa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200410001696637","article-title":"Smoking cessation by socioeconomic status and marital status: the contribution of smoking behavior and family background","volume":"6","author":"Broms","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.10.005","article-title":"Marital status and smoking in Korea: the influence of gender and age","volume":"66","author":"Cho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606522000797?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666606522000797?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T08:28:42Z","timestamp":1722155322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666606522000797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2666606522000797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6065","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of tobacco dependence and associated factors in China: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018\u201319","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100464","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100489","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100464"}}